mercredi 20 janvier 2021

La sexologie à l'heure de la guerre froide

Le rideau déchiré. La sexologie a l'heure de la guerre froide



Sylvie Chaperon, Carla Nagels, Cécile Vanderpelen-Diagre

 


Éditions de l'Universite de Bruxelles
2021. ISBN: 9782800417448

 

 

La guerre froide n’est pas qu’un bras de fer entre deux puissancespolitiques qui mesurent leurs capacités militaire, nucléaire, technologiqueet scientifique. S’y joue également une lutte pour gagnerun pouvoir d’influence culturel beaucoup plus large et profond.Les deux blocs prétendent, notamment, défendre et incarner lesnormes de genre et de sexualité les plus justes et les plus en phaseavec le «vrai» bonheur et l’harmonie amoureuse, ferments indispensablesd’une société en bonne santé. Pour ce faire, ils puisenttous les deux dans les savoirs de la sexologie, alors en plein bouleversement.L’époque est en effet marquée par le développement de machines dont on attend qu’elles mesurent les performancessexuelles. Les progrès de l’imagerie médicale laissent croire en unavenir où tous les aspects du corps humain seront visibles et, donc, soignables (voir la photo de couverture: le psychiatre W.Reich à la recherche d’une force vitale universelle). Les études ici rassemblées montrent que, dans le domaine de lasexologie, le rideau qui sépare l’est et l’ouest était pour le moinsdéchiré, pour reprendre le titre d’un film d’Alfred Hitchcock quitraite d’espionnage scientifique. Les scientifiques, justement, etleurs théories sur la sexualité circulent d’autant mieux que l’uncomme l’autre bloc partagent des valeurs communes de valorisationde la famille traditionnelle et de hantise de l’homosexualité.Des deux côtés, les sexologues, alors en voie de professionnalisation,tentent d’élaborer une expertise congruente avec lesupposé savoir scientifique, le vécu raconté par leurs patient·es, les directives du régime dont ils dépendent et une sociétéprogressivement conquise par le discours de la «révolution Sexuelle». Entre conservation et subversion, ils soufflent ainsi lechaud et le froid sur les représentations de la sexualité.

Bourse prédoctorale de l'American Philosophical Society

2021-2022 John C. Slater Predoctoral Fellowship in History of Science, Technology, and Medicine, Library & Museum of the American Philosophical Society 

Call fro applications 

The Library & Museum of the American Philosophical Society in Philadelphia seeks applicants for a one-year, residential fellowship for graduate students specializing in the history of science. The 12-month fellowship is intended for advanced Ph.D. students working toward the completion of the dissertation. The caliber of the project, and evidence that the project will be completed in a timely manner, are the two most important criteria for selection. The selection committee will also take into consideration the need to be at the APS Library & Museum and other research institutions in the Philadelphia area.

Applicants’ research must pertain to topics in the history of science, technology, or medicine

The successful applicant will be affiliated with the Consortium for History of Science, Technology, and Medicine (https://www.chstm.org/), which is hosted by the APS. The Consortium comprises 26 cultural, educational, and scientific organizations promoting public and academic understanding of the history of science, technology, and medicine. Society fellows will be welcome to participate in Consortium activities and events alongside Consortium fellows, including topical working groups discussing works-in-progress and important publications.

The successful applicant will have the opportunity also to participate in programs and other affairs at the American Philosophical Society

Stipend: $25,000 for twelve months will be awarded to all successful applicants

Applicants will submit:
  • C.V.,
  • Dissertation proposal (2-4 pages, double-spaced),
  • A sample chapter from their dissertation not to exceed 25 double-spaced pages,
  • An introductory cover letter that discusses their past and current work proposed to be completed on the fellowship,
  • Three letters of reference in support of the project and applicant.

To apply, please submit materials to https://apply.interfolio.com/79197%20

Deadline: January 29, 2021. Notifications will be sent by April 2021.

The Library & Museum’s collections make it among the premier institutions for documenting and exhibiting the history of the American Revolution and founding, the history of science from Newton to NASA, Native American languages and culture, and the development of American anthropology. The Library & Museum houses over 14 million manuscripts; 275,000 volumes of printed materials and bound periodicals; 250,000 images, fine art, and other objects; thousands of maps and prints; and more than 3,500 hours of audio recordings of Native American languages.

Comprehensive, searchable guides and finding aids to our collections are available online at https://www.amphilsoc.org/library/search-collections and http://amphilsoc.pastperfectonline.com/.

For a complete listing of all APS grant and fellowship opportunities, visit www.amphilsoc.org/grants/fellowships.

mardi 19 janvier 2021

L'empire de la dépression

The Empire of Depression. A New History

Jonathan Sadowsky


Polity
November 2020
224 pages
160 x 232 mm / 6 x 9 in
ISBN : 9781509531646


Depression has colonized the world. Today, more than 300 million of us have been diagnosed as depressed. But 150 years ago, “depression” referred to a mood, not a sickness.

Does that mean people weren’t sick before, only sad? Of course not. Mental illness is a complex thing, part biological, part social, its definition dependent on time and place. But in the mid-twentieth century, even as European empires were crumbling, new Western clinical models and treatments for mental health spread across the world. In so doing, “depression” began to displace older ideas like “melancholia,” the Japanese “utsushō,” or the Punjabi “sinking heart” syndrome.

Award-winning historian Jonathan Sadowsky tells this global story, chronicling the path-breaking work of psychiatrists and pharmacists, and the intimate sufferings of patients. Revealing the continuity of human distress across time and place, he shows us how different cultures have experienced intense mental anguish, and how they have tried to alleviate it. He reaches an unflinching conclusion: the devastating effects of depression are real. A number of treatments do reduce suffering, but a permanent cure remains elusive. Throughout the history of depression, there have been overzealous promoters of particular approaches, but history shows us that there is no single way to get better that works for everyone. Like successful psychotherapy, history can liberate us from the negative patterns of the past.

Le genre des célibats

Le genre des célibats


Appel à contributions

Avec le soutien financier de la Cité du Genre, IdEx Université de Paris, ANR-18-IDEX-0001

Colloque organisé par Juliette Eyméoud (EHESS) et Claire-Lise Gaillard (Paris 1, CRHXIX)

Si la question du célibat apparaît en filigrane dans les travaux liés au mariage et à la vie familiale et conjugale, ce colloque lui donnera la première place. Refusant une définition en négatif de l’alliance, définition qui passe forcément à côté de toutes les nuances et complexités du célibat, ces deux journées pluridisciplinaires seront l’occasion de bâtir un outillage théorique commun.

L’historiographie anglosaxonne s’est intéressée de longue date aux célibataires, du Moyen-Age à l’époque contemporaine, toutes classes sociales confondues, hommes comme femmes (Amy M. Froide, John G. MacCurdy). En France, c’est le courant de l’histoire des femmes qui a majoritairement orienté la recherche sur le célibat (Arlette Farge, Cécile Dauphin). Ce dernier a donc fait l’objet d’études portées sur les XIX e et XX e siècles et a quelque peu délaissé le célibat masculin. L’histoire religieuse s’est en revanche penchée sur ce thème, dans une approche à la fois théologique (Nicole Grévy-Pons) et sociale (Myriam Deniel-Ternant, Cindy-Sarah Dumortier). Le célibat est pris dans un ensemble de représentations forgées par notre modernité occidentale qui a fait du couple le modèle normatif. Les sociologues, en allant à la rencontre des célibataires, ont témoigné de leur triste solitude, des difficultés économiques et des stigmates sociaux qui peuvent accompagner cette condition (Pierre Bourdieu, Marie Bergström, Françoise Courtel et Géraldine Vivier). En créant le dialogue entre les disciplines, entre les périodes historiques et les aires culturelles, ce colloque souhaite montrer la pluralité des situations de célibat. Une confrontation des célibats féminins et masculins devrait également permettre de sortir des stéréotypes du vieux garçon et de la vieille fille.

Axes envisagés

1. Définitions et typologie du célibat : un célibat, des célibats ?
Ce premier axe visera à définir l’objet « célibat » en évitant l’écueil de la définition en négatif. Il faudra s’attacher à identifier la construction historique du célibat comme catégorie juridique, sociale et littéraire. Les dimensions institutionnelles et juridiques en seront un point de départ.
Les communications seront amenées à dresser une typologie des célibats en distinguant plusieurs variables. On isolera par exemple le célibat temporaire dans l’attente d’un mariage, du célibat de circonstance lié à une activité professionnelle, ou encore du célibat définitif et systémique.
Il faudra également redessiner les frontières poreuses du célibat avec le veuvage, la prostitution, le divorce, la jeunesse et la sexualité prénuptiale.

Les variations de genre face aux différents célibats formeront un angle important de notre approche. Le dialogue transdisciplinaire et la confrontation des différents outils méthodologiques devraient permettre d’interroger les définitions possibles du célibat.

2. Vivre le célibat au sein des structures sociales et familiales
Ce deuxième axe étudiera le célibat à hauteur des trajectoires individuelles au sein des structures familiales. La place des célibataires dans ces structures doit, là encore, se décliner au pluriel car la valeur accordée au couple et les logiques d’alliance varient selon les aires culturelles et les périodes historiques.
Le célibat selon qu’il est subi, accepté ou revendiqué façonne différemment les vies des hommes et des femmes. Le célibat structure-t-il plus ou moins profondément la vie sociale, professionnelle ou familiale selon le genre et l’âge des individus ? Intériorisation, rejet ou stratégies de contournement, quelles marges les célibataires ont-ils/elles face aux normes et stéréotypes qui pèsent sur eux/elles ?

3. Intimité, sexualité, vie affective des célibataires
Le troisième axe s’intéressera aux intimités célibataires. Le célibat peut être considéré comme une variable pour étudier les sexualités et vécus affectifs des individus, des relations individuelles aux amitiés collectives. C’est en somme l’ensemble du régime d’intimités du célibat qui pourra être étudié.
Le regard médical sur le corps des hommes et femmes célibataires pourra faire l’objet d’une attention particulière. Nous espérons également entrer en dialogue avec les recherches en psychanalyse et en psychologie.

Modalités de soumission
Un projet de communication, clairement rattaché à l’un des trois axes, et qui ne dépasse pas 3000 caractères ;
Une courte notice biographique (discipline et champs de recherches, publications).

Le tout est à envoyer avant le 1er mars 2021, aux adresses suivantes :

eymeoudjuliette@gmail.com

claire.lise.gaillard@gmail.com

Le colloque se tiendra sur deux jours, à Paris, en septembre ou octobre 2021. Etant tributaires des circonstances sanitaires, nous attendons d’en savoir plus pour fixer un lieu et une date précise.


 
English version

Call for Proposals – Conference « The gender of singlehood »

With financial support of « Cité du Genre, IdEx Université de Paris, ANR-18-IDEX-0001 »

Organized by Juliette Eyméoud (EHESS) et Claire-Lise Gaillard (Paris 1, CRHXIX)

If singlehood appears implicitly in many research related to marriage or family and conjugal life, it has rarely been considered as a main topic. This conference’s goal is to put singlehood in the spotlight. To do so we must question the very definition of this word and its multiple interpretations and meanings according to academic fields, historical periods, or cultural areas.

English and American historiographies have long been interested in the subject. Singlemen and furthermore singlewomen, from medieval times to the modern era, belonging to different social classes, have been written about (Amy M. Froide, John McCurdy). In France, the first research about singlehood has been led by historians working on Women’s History, mostly linked to the 19th and 20th centuries (Arlette Farge, Cécile Dauphin). Other eras as well as the other sex have been neglected, except for priestly celibacy which has been studied from a theological point of view (Nicole Grévy-Pons) and from a social/judicial approach (Myriam Deniel-Ternant, Cindy-Sarah Dumortier).

Singlehood is caught in a set of representations forged by our Western modernity, which has made the couple the normative model. Sociologists have met singlemen/women and have testified to their loneliness, sadness, economic difficulties, and social stigmas created by their status (Pierre Bourdieu, Marie Bergström, Françoise Courtel, Géraldine Vivier).

This conference intends to build a dialogue between several academic fields, historical timelines and cultural areas in order to evaluate the multiple situations of singlehood. To take a step back from the stereotypes of the old maid and the old bachelor, it will also be necessary to conduct a study of gender differences or similarities.

Lines of questioning

1- Defining and classifying singlehood

This first line wants to draw attention on the fact that we usually define singlehood by opposition to marital life, which is far from enough. The contributions shall study the historical building up of singlehood as a judicial, social, and literary category.

A classification could appear to show many forms of singlehood according to some variables. For example, a difference can be drawn between life-cycle and life-long singlehood (the first mostly linked to young age or special circumstances, the second due to a system).

In order to define singlehood, some contributions could study the margins of it: widowhood, prostitution, divorce, prenuptial sexuality…

2- To be single within social and family structures

The second line will question singlehood across individual pathways and within family structures. These structures must be questioned as the couple and matrimonial logics vary according to cultural areas and historical periods.

At individual height, singlehood can be undergone, suffered, or accepted and even claimed. Are there significant differences between men and women? Does singlehood impact differently on social, professional, and family life depending on gender or age? What possible strategies of internalization, reject or workaround can be set up to face the stereotypes and social stigmas?

3- Intimacy, sexuality, and emotional life of singlemen and singlewomen

This third line will study singlemen and singlewomen intimacies, their sexualities as well as their emotional lives (notably friendships or non-biological kinship as a substitute to family structures).

Medical and psychological views on singlemen/women’s bodies and minds would be greatly appreciated.

How to submit proposals

– A text clearly related to one of the three lines and not exceeding 800 words,

– A short biographical presentation (academic field, research interests, publications).

The proposal must be sent before March 1st 2021, to:

eymeoudjuliette@gmail.com

claire.lise.gaillard@gmail.com

The conference will be held over two days, in Paris, in September or October 2021. Being dependent on sanitary circumstances, we are waiting to know more to fix a place and a precise date.

lundi 18 janvier 2021

Les infirmières en cartes postales

Pictures of Nursing: Nurses and nursing on postcards 1890-1910

Online event

Thursday 11 February 2021, 5.30 – 6.30pm GMT

Sign up here: https://www.rcn.org.uk/news-and-events/events/lib-pictures-of-nursing-110221


What can picture postcards tell us about the history of nursing, and images and stereotypes of nursing over the years? Join historian Julia Hallam to find out more.

Pictures of Nursing is a travelling exhibition and digital resource curated by Julia Hallam for the National Library of Medicine, NIH, Washington, DC based on a collection of 2,500 postcards donated to the Library by Michael Zwerdling, a former hospice nurse. The cards date between the late 1890s and the 1980s and depict nurses and nursing from twenty countries worldwide. Hallam's talk will focus primarily on the years 1890 - 1910, a period known as the golden age of the postcard, and trace the dominant trends in the public image of nurses and nursing that emerge at this time.


Please register to attend and a link will be circulated in advance with instructions on how to join the event. All tickets must be booked individually.

Séminaire du CHOMI

UCD Centre for the History of Medicine in Ireland Seminar Series, 2020-2021

Webinar Series, 2020/21
Spring Trimester

The Centre hosts a series of seminars, conferences, workshops and symposia. Our webinar series is normally held on Thursday evening at 5pm. Advance registration is required.



SEMESTER 2

28 January, Thursday at 5pm
‘Aletos for His Majesty: Raptors, Navigation, and Animal Medicine in Early
Modern Spain’
Dr Edward Collins (UCD)


11 February, Thursday at 5pm
Panel: Instruction and Experience: Shaping Mothers’ Views of Health and Healthcare

Professor Rima Apple, University of Wisconsin-Madison and Beijing Normal University
Dr Janet Greenlees, Glasgow Caledonian University


25 February, Thursday at 5pm
Pedagogical Experiments: Christian Kindergarten Education in Republican China
Dr Jenny Bond (UCD)


26 March, Friday at 4pm

‘Surveilling the Microbiome: Diagnostics, Laboratory Networks & Disease Preparedness’
Frédéric Keck (Director of Research at the Laboratory of Social Anthropology; CNRS-Collège de France- EHESS)
Ann Kelly (Reader, Kings College)
Claas Kirchhelle (Lecturer, UCD)


8 April, Thursday at 5pm
Panel: Demographic Policies and Human Rights

Alanna Armitage (UNFPA Regional Director for Eastern Europe and Central Asia)
‘Demographic Security and Reproductive Rights in Eastern Europe and Central Asia’
Roman Birke (University of Jena)
‘Curbing Overpopulation to Secure Human Rights: The Population Control Movement's
Human Rights Advocacy since the 1940s’.

dimanche 17 janvier 2021

L'invention de la médecine d'Homer à Hippocrate

The Invention of Medicine: From Homer to Hippocrates

 
Robin Lane Fox
 
  • Publisher : Basic Books (December 8, 2020)
  • Language: : English
  • Hardcover : 432 pages
  • ISBN-13 : 978-0465093441
 
Medical thinking and observation were radically changed by the ancient Greeks, one of their great legacies to the world. In the fifth century BCE, a Greek doctor put forward his clinical observations of individual men, women, and children in a collection of case histories known as the Epidemics. Among his working principles was the famous maxim "Do no harm." In The Invention of Medicine, acclaimed historian Robin Lane Fox puts these remarkable works in a wider context and upends our understanding of medical history by establishing that they were written much earlier than previously thought. Lane Fox endorses the ancient Greeks' view that their texts' author, not named, was none other than the father of medicine, the great Hippocrates himself. Lane Fox's argument changes our sense of the development of scientific and rational thinking in Western culture, and he explores the consequences for Greek artists, dramatists and the first writers of history. Hippocrates emerges as a key figure in the crucial change from an archaic to a classical world.


Elegantly written and remarkably learned, The Invention of Medicine is a groundbreaking reassessment of many aspects of Greek culture and city life.

samedi 16 janvier 2021

Florence Nightingale

Florence Nightingale Comes Home



Online Event

Thursday 21 January 2021, 5.30 – 6.30pm GMT

Sign up here: https://www.rcn.org.uk/news-and-events/events/lib-florence-comes-home-210121


What does Florence Nightingale's life reveal about the history of nursing? What myths about Nightingale live on in nursing stereotypes, and what was she really like as a person?

Join the RCN Library and Archive Service for a roundtable with the Florence Nightingale Comes Home for 2020 project at the University of Nottingham. The project has resulted in a more complex historical and literary understanding of Florence Nightingale by mapping her family and home connections and analysing how her regional experiences, not least in Derbyshire, impacted her career, attitudes, and writings.

Homes can be both comforting and troubling places as Professor Paul Crawford, Dr Anna Greenwood and Dr Richard Bates share in their new book, Florence Nightingale at Home (Palgrave: London, 2020). They will share a new understanding of how Florence Nightingale’s experiences of domestic life and her ideas of home influenced her writings and pioneering work, and explore the legacy of this for nursing today.


Please register to attend and a link will be circulated in advance with instructions on how to join the event. All tickets must be booked individually.