Santé, médecine et rencontre des cultures en Inde

Health, Medicine and Encounter of Cultures in India
 

Mumtaz Alam

Publisher ‏ : ‎ Primus Books (April 1, 2022)
Language ‏ : ‎ English
Hardcover ‏ : ‎ 262 pages
ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-9355721785

Before Western medical systems became prominent, Ayurveda and Unani had evolved into specialized indigenous medicinal systems in India. Health, Medicine and the Encounter of Cultures in India examines the social, cultural, and linguistic facets of medicine that influenced these indigenous systems. Exploring medical literature and other texts in Sanskrit, Arabic and Persian from the eleventh to the nineteenth centuries, this work traces the interactions and changes in the components and practice of medicine.

Comment les militants du sida ont utilisé l'art pour lutter contre une pandémie

It Was Vulgar and It Was Beautiful: How AIDS Activists Used Art to Fight a Pandemic
 

Jack Lowery

Publisher ‏ : ‎ Bold Type Books (April 5, 2022)
Language ‏ : ‎ English
Hardcover ‏ : ‎ 432 pages
ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-1645036586

In the late 1980s, the AIDS pandemic was annihilating queer people, intravenous drug users, and communities of color in America, and disinformation about the disease ran rampant. Out of the activist group ACT UP (AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power), an art collective that called itself Gran Fury formed to campaign against corporate greed, government inaction, stigma, and public indifference to the epidemic.

Writer Jack Lowery examines Gran Fury’s art and activism from iconic images like the “Kissing Doesn’t Kill” poster to the act of dropping piles of fake bills onto the trading floor of the New York Stock Exchange. Lowery offers a complex, moving portrait of a collective and its members, who built essential solidarities with each other and whose lives evidenced the profound trauma of enduring the AIDS crisis.

Gran Fury and ACT UP’s strategies are still used frequently by the activists leading contemporary movements. In an era when structural violence and the devastation of COVID-19 continue to target the most vulnerable, this belief in the power of public art and action persists.

Genre, autorité et médecine moderne à Philadelphie

Women Healers: Gender, Authority, and Medicine in Early Philadelphia

Susan H. Brandt 

Publisher ‏ : ‎ University of Pennsylvania Press (April 15, 2022)
Language ‏ : ‎ English
Hardcover ‏ : ‎ 312 pages
ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0812253863

In her eighteenth-century medical recipe manuscript, the Philadelphia healer Elizabeth Coates Paschall asserted her ingenuity and authority with the bold strokes of her pen. Paschall developed an extensive healing practice, consulted medical texts, and conducted experiments based on personal observations. As British North America’s premier city of medicine and science, Philadelphia offered Paschall a nurturing environment enriched by diverse healing cultures and the Quaker values of gender equality and women’s education. She participated in transatlantic medical and scientific networks with her friend, Benjamin Franklin. Paschall was not unique, however. Women Healers recovers numerous women of European, African, and Native American descent who provided the bulk of health care in the greater Philadelphia area for centuries.

Although the history of women practitioners often begins with the 1850 founding of Philadelphia’s Female Medical College, the first women’s medical school in the United States, these students merely continued the legacies of women like Paschall. Remarkably, though, the lives and work of early American female practitioners have gone largely unexplored. While some sources depict these women as amateurs whose influence declined, Susan Brandt documents women’s authoritative medical work that continued well into the nineteenth century. Spanning a century and a half, Women Healers traces the transmission of European women’s medical remedies to the Delaware Valley where they blended with African and Indigenous women’s practices, forming hybrid healing cultures.

Drawing on extensive archival research, Brandt demonstrates that women healers were not inflexible traditional practitioners destined to fall victim to the onward march of Enlightenment science, capitalism, and medical professionalization. Instead, women of various classes and ethnicities found new sources of healing authority, engaged in the consumer medical marketplace, and resisted physicians’ attempts to marginalize them. Brandt reveals that women healers participated actively in medical and scientific knowledge production and the transition to market capitalism.

Les soeurs de Mokama

Sisters of Mokama: The Pioneering Women Who Brought Hope and Healing to India

Jyoti Thottam


Publisher ‏ : ‎ Viking (April 12, 2022)
Language ‏ : ‎ English
Hardcover ‏ : ‎ 384 pages
ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0525522355

New York Times editor Jyoti Thottam’s mother was part of an extraordinary group of Indian women. Born in 1946, a time when few women dared to leave their house without the protection of a man, she left home by herself at just fifteen years old and traveled to Bihar—an impoverished and isolated state in northern India that had been one of the bloodiest regions of Partition—in order to train to be a nurse under the tutelage of the determined and resourceful Appalachian nuns who ran Nazareth Hospital. Like Thottam’s mother’s journey, the hospital was a radical undertaking: it was run almost entirely by women, who insisted on giving the highest possible standard of care to everyone who walked through its doors, regardless of caste or religion.

Fascinated by her mother’s story, Thottam set out to discover the full story of Nazareth Hospital, which had been established in 1947 by six nuns from Kentucky. With no knowledge of Hindi, and the awareness that they would likely never see their families again, the sisters had traveled to the small town of Mokama determined to live up to the pioneer spirit of their order, founded in the rough hills of the Kentucky frontier. A year later, they opened the doors of the hospital; soon they began taking in young Indian women as nursing students, offering them an opportunity that would change their lives. One of those women, of course, was Thottam’s mother.

In Sisters of Mokama, Thottam draws upon twenty years’ worth of research to tell this inspiring story for the first time. She brings to life the hopes, struggles, and accomplishments of these ordinary women—both American and Indian—who succeeded against the odds during the tumult and trauma of the years after World War II and Partition. Pain and loss were everywhere for the women of that time, but the collapse of the old orders provided the women of Nazareth Hospital with an opening—a chance to create for themselves lives that would never have been possible otherwise.

Corps, frontières et limites

Bodies, Borders, and Boundaries


Call for papers

2022 Seminar Series

Women in French Australia

September 2022 ― February 2023



Co-organisers: Dr Dominique Carlini Versini (Durham University) Dr Caroline D. Laurent (The American University of Paris)

With the question of borders constantly in the news, most recently in relation to Ukraine, and the threat that borders pose to some bodies more than others, bodies and borders are an urgent site of investigation. This seminar series would like to explore the various images of bodies, borders, and boundaries in contemporary texts, art works, and films by francophone artists who identify as women. It will interrogate textual and visual representations of gendered bodies at borders, or indeed, becoming borders (Guénif-Souilamas 2010). The goal of this series is to ask and reflect on some of the following questions: In what ways do literary and visual representations challenge the mainstream narrative around borders and bodies? What types of borders and boundaries are present in contemporary fiction by women written in French? How do national borders frame and reshape the body? Is there a particularity in French and francophone women’s writing of the gendered body and/at borders?

The gendered body that this series is particularly interested in often inhabits a frontier, concretely and/or symbolically. As a result, concerns linked to identity stem from an analysis of borders and boundaries. For instance, Léonora Miano perceives the in-betweenness of the double identity of migrant women as powerful and potentially subversive (2012). For others, like Élodie Malanda (2014), living on the border (habiter la frontière) actually underscores a malaise resulting from cultural hybridity. Whether positive or negative, borderscapes (Brambilla 2015) are to be theorized as connective spaces that put one’s body in relation to the Other and thus question notions of interiority and exteriority. Considering the complexity of the position(s) of the gendered body, the liminality associated with borders and boundaries engenders essential and important avenues of consideration and experimentation by artists.

In this sense, the series encourages critical and creative proposals investigating the ways in which the body itself can be considered a boundary traversed, shaped, and (un-)done by its interaction with the world and the Other. Skin has often been conceptualised as the body’s border, “but as a border that feels” (Ahmed & Stacey 2001, loc. 311), forming both a protection of the interiority of the self and a point of contact with the world; always at risk of being trespassed, penetrated, or transgressed by the Other. Florence Bancaud and Susanne Böhmisch have gone further and coined the term “body-border” (corps-frontière) to think about the body itself as a living border. In that regard, it could be perceived as a menace to actual borders and would warrant expulsion and control. The seminar series would like to envisage the ways in which the body can be thought of and represented as/at a border, as well as reflect on literary and visual explorations of bodily boundaries.

Topics may include, but are not limited to:

• Migration and exile; crossing of borders
• Colonial and postcolonial bodies; racialized bodies
• Haptic, visual, and/or affective links between art works/texts/films and bodies
• Bodily harm and violence; trauma and aftermath bodies
• Hybridity; métissage
• Discipline and control; incarceration of bodies
• Eco/feminist engagement with bodies
• Mobility or lack thereof; confinement
• Surface and orifices
• Necropolitics
• Biopolitics
• Heterotopia
• Excess and transgression
• Care and protection; ethics of care
• Diseased bodies
• Deviant bodies
• Abjection; the abject
• Sexuality; sexual identities
• Interiority and exteriority
• Relationality; poetics of relation

Please send a short bio and abstracts (250 words) in French or English by June 15 2022 to the co-organisers (dominique.carlini-versini@durham.ac.uk; claurent@aup.edu), with WiF Australia in cc (wifaustralia@gmail.com).



References

Ahmed, Sara and Jackie Stacey (eds), “Introduction: Dermographies”, Thinking Through the Skin, London, Routledge [Kindle], 2001.

Barrière, Hélène and Susanne Böhmisch, Corps-frontière. Perspectives littéraires, artistiques et anthropologiques. Cahiers d’études germaniques 78, 2020.

Brambilla, Chiara, “Exploring the Critical Potential of the Borderscapes Concept”, Geopolitics 20(1), 2015.

Guénif-Souilamas, Nacira, “Le Corps-frontière, traces et trajets postcoloniaux”, in Achille Mbembe et al. (eds.), Ruptures postcoloniales. Les nouveaux visages de la société française, Paris, La Découverte, 2010.

Malanda, Élodie, “Habiter la frontière” ou errer dans un no-man’s land? Les crises d’identités afropéennes dans les romans pour adolescents en France”, Africultures 99-100, 2014.

Miano, Léonora, Habiter la frontière, Paris, L’Arche, 2012.

Histoire de la neurologie à l'écran

Neurocinema--The Sequel: A History of Neurology on Screen

 Eelco F. M. Wijdicks

Publisher ‏ : ‎ CRC Pr I Llc (April 22, 2022)
Language ‏ : ‎ English
Hardcover ‏ : ‎ 235 pages
ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 1032220058
ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-1032220055

The history of neurology as seen through the lens of the filmmaker is fascinating and extraordinary. Neurocinema, The Sequel is a review of the history of neurology as seen in film, starting with the early days of cinema and concluding with contemporary films now available in theaters and on streaming sites.

La science du goût au XVIIIe siècle

La science du goût au XVIIIe siècle


Appel à contributions pour un numéro de la Revue internationale d'étude du dix-huitième siècle (RIEDS), 2023


sous la direction de Guilhem Armand (Université de La Réunion) et Emmanuelle Sempère (Université de Strasbourg)
guilhem.armand@univ-reunion.fr et sempere@unistra.fr .


Date d’échéance : 1er juin 2022 (rendu des articles 1er novembre 2022)



« Ce sens, ce don de discerner nos aliments, a produit dans toutes les langues connues, la métaphore qui exprime par le mot goût, le sentiment des beautés et des défauts dans tous les arts »
(Voltaire, « Goût (Gramm.​​ Litterat.​​ & Philos.​​) », Encyclopédie, vol. VII, 1757).


« Une espèce de toucher plus fin, plus subtil »
(Jaucourt, « Goût (Physiolog.) », Ibid.)


Ce siècle, qui est celui de l’Encyclopédie, qui, en quelque sorte, s’ouvre avec l’ennoblissement de la science par Fontenelle qui parvient dans le même temps à en faire un objet de plaisir, et se clôt avec La Physiologie du goût, n’est-il pas celui où tente de s’élaborer une véritable science du goût ?

Le 18e siècle – ou, plus largement, le grand âge classique – est en effet la grande période de théorisation du goût, mais la labilité du terme rend en même temps la notion rétive à toute tentative de définition stricte. Pourquoi désigner de l’un des cinq sens ce qui flatte l’oreille (un air), charme la vue (un tableau), plaît à l’esprit ou au cœur ? Pourquoi même désigner d’un sens corporel ce qui stimule l’esprit ou heurte les règles sociales ? Enfin, pourquoi parmi ces cinq sens choisir l’un des moins « nobles », et peut-être le moins attendu (et non pas l’odorat, l’expression « avoir le nez fin » étant attestée depuis au moins 1694) ? Car il convient de noter que les choses de la table et tout ce qui s’y rapporte relèvent du péché de gourmandise dont, rappellent médecins et théologiens de l’époque, on est puni par l’indisposition ou la maladie. Or, il n’est peut-être pas indifférent que cette association entre un sens et un jugement se cristallise à une époque où la gourmandise commence à être réhabilitée, où la gastronomie naît et acquiert progressivement ses lettres de noblesse, tandis que les belles lettres deviennent littérature. Au même moment, un domaine du savoir se dégage au croisement des disciplines artistiques et de la philosophie : l’esthétique. Le goût, ce serait donc ce terme qui permet d’évoquer à la fois une sensation, une émotion et un jugement, une intuition et une théorie.

Durant cette même période, ce que l’on appelle le goût français se répand dans toute l’Europe et même au-delà, pour devenir durablement synonyme du bon goût. La notion revient sans cesse, pour définir une convenance sociale dans les apparences, caractériser une posture, un langage, une réussite ou un échec littéraire, théâtral, artistique, mais aussi tout simplement pour désigner la saveur d’un mets. Le goût cristallise aussi des enjeux politiques et entretient des liens forts avec les notions d’esprit des nations et de génie : c’est peut-être ce qui explique l’intérêt grandissant des Lumières pour ce concept difficile, cousin du je-ne-sais-quoi, et la multiplication des tentatives de définition qu’il suscite, voire des querelles, au moment même où s’élabore la science esthétique, où le mot et l’idée d’original changent de statut, où la notion d’expérience humaine s’individualise. La question du goût se pose de façon d’autant plus intéressante que la littérature fait une place de plus en plus grande à une vie psychique clairement ancrée dans la vie physique. Cette science du goût qui s’élabore se situe ainsi au cœur du partage des savoirs qui caractérise le 18e siècle : au confluent de différents domaines, elle s’en enrichit, non sans éviter le risque d’une certaine confusion.

La question du goût au 18e siècle a fait principalement l’objet de deux types d’approche, résonnant avec l’analogie étudiée dans l’article du même nom dans l’Encyclopédie de Diderot et D’Alembert : le goût comme sens physique, renvoyant à la gourmandise, et le goût en lien avec l’esthétique au moment où cette science émerge. Les travaux de Jean-Claude Bonnet – du numéro 15 de DHS à son ouvrage La Gourmandise et la faim, 2015 – ainsi que ceux de Béatrice Fink, et d’historiens comme Philippe Meyzie (Lumières n° 11 « La Gourmandise entre péché et plaisir ») ont enrichi et affiné notre connaissance de la réhabilitation du péché de gourmandise, de la transformation des arts culinaires en ce qui s’appellera bientôt la gastronomie (1801), des débats techniques, médicaux et philosophiques. Si quelques travaux comme ceux de Frédéric Charbonneau (L’École de la gourmandise, 2008) font le lien entre esthétique – et en particulier littérature – et gourmandise, les deux domaines restent le plus souvent distincts. Cependant, les positions et postures des auteurs du 18e siècle en matière de morale et d’esthétique sont de plus en plus interrogées aujourd’hui sous l’angle d’une sensibilité concrète, voire d’une physiologie. Depuis les travaux d’Alain Corbin, les « cultures sensibles » sont devenues un objet historique et plus généralement l’anthropologie sensorielle très active outre-Atlantique depuis les travaux de Howes et de Classen trouve un assez large écho dans l’ensemble des sciences humaines. Ces approches sont d’autant plus pertinentes pour le goût qu’il engage une sensorialité dite « basse » en dépit des opérations de symbolisation dont il fait l’objet – l’homologie avec le jugement de valeur en est une. Force est en effet de constater que si le goût participe, tout comme la vue, des deux ordres de la sensibilité que constituent la morale et la sensation, il conduit bien davantage, ou plus directement, dans les ressacs de la sensation et de ses ressorts physiologiques. Serait-ce à dire que le « goût » le plus « sublime » relèverait de ce qu’il y a de plus matériel en nous[1] ? On pourrait en prendre pour preuve les coups de boutoir dont le Neveu attaque l’édifice du bon goût et qui bouleversent l’ordre moral et esthétique du Philosophe de la Satire seconde. Lequel confesse une forme de dégoût : « Je commençais à supporter avec peine la présence d’un homme qui discutait une action horrible, un exécrable forfait, comme un connaisseur en peinture ou en poésie examine les beautés d’un ouvrage de goût[2] ». Celui qui mange mal (ou peu, ou trop) et celui qui mange bien (à satiété, en bonne compagnie, avec mesure et choix) dessinent ainsi les contours de goûts concurrents, qui questionnent et mettent à mal les idéaux de sociabilité et d’universalité.

Le goût s’envisage avec profit par son envers, ou son dessous, qu’il s’agisse du “mauvais goût” ou du “dégoût”. Le premier a été envisagé par Jennifer Tsien relativement à l’esthétique du 18ème siècle (Le Mauvais goût des autres, 2017) et par Carine Barbafieri et Jean-Christophe Abramovici sous un angle résolument transversal (L’Invention du mauvais goût à l’âge classique, 2013). Le second a fait l’objet d’une journée d’étude en mai 2019 à l’Université d’Aix Marseille (« Le Dégoût : vécu, perception, représentations et histoire »).

C’est à la fois dans la lignée de ces travaux récents ou plus anciens, et dans une perspective renouvelée, que se situe cet appel. La richesse et la diversification des travaux sur le goût dans ces dernières décennies montrent à quel point les enjeux du goût débordent les questions purement esthétiques ou idéologiques. Cet appel à communication voudrait donc envisager la catégorie du goût non plus seulement dans ses fonctions normatives ou axiologiques, ou dans ses dimensions sociologiques ou esthétiques, mais aussi en tant que catégorie épistémique et scientifique. Il s'agira d'interroger la notion de "goût" au 18e dans le champ des savoirs, pour mieux comprendre les enjeux heuristiques et méthodologiques que les philosophes, écrivains, artistes, savants et amateurs ont voulu lui prêter.

Ce dossier de RIEDS s’intéressera donc au goût sous toutes les formes et dans tous les sens que lui donne le XVIIIe siècle, mais en mettant en particulier l’accent sur le lien entre les deux termes de la métaphore, les deux sens du goût, et en postulant que ce lien n’est pas seulement de l’ordre de l’histoire esthétique ou des mentalités. La labilité des notions de bon et de mauvais goût, l’empirisme qui préside au choix du terme goût pour parler de préférence esthétique et, parallèlement, l’ambiguïté qui caractérise la gastronomie encore naissante et pas encore ainsi nommée doivent avoir partie liée. C’est pourquoi nous envisageons l’angle de la science du goût, qui permet de s’intéresser au lien qu’opère cette notion entre l’intuitif et le rationnel : le goût apparaît en effet comme un point de jonction important entre une appréhension concrète – induite par le sens premier – et une signification plus abstraite, en quelque sorte à l’image de ce lien permanent entre arts et théories, fiction et savoir, qui est au cœur des écrits des Lumières. Le goût, devenu objet d’un discours savant, cristallise en effet les différends philosophiques de toute farine. Prise entre les feux du rationalisme et de la subjectivité, de la physiologie et de la morale, la science du goût ne risque-t-elle pas la contradiction ? Et ne cristalliserait-elle pas ainsi une « révolution morale » (au sens de K.A. Appiah[3]) ?

Si Kant ou Burke ont tenté de revisiter l’idée que l’esthétique pourrait se passer d’un rapport direct et sensitif, voire sensuel, aux objets, n’est-ce pas qu’il y avait bien, chez tant d’autres théoriciens, notamment les Encyclopédistes (Diderot et Jaucourt, en particulier), en partant de la physiologie, un matérialisme sourd travaillant cet ennoblissement du sens ? Mais le point de départ physiologiste n’est pas nécessairement matérialiste et peut abonder d’autres théories, comme celles du médecin et écrivain Tiphaigne de La Roche, qui tenta une solution hybride (sinon incertaine, voire confuse) de matérialisme spiritualiste.

En forçant le trait, un hiatus se dessine entre une conception subjectiviste du goût, sur lequel elle fait peser un risque d’obscurité, d’illégitimité, de solipsisme, et une conception sensitive et physiologique qui voudrait gommer la labilité du jugement de goût dans une perspective positive et scientifique. À cette aune doublement complexe, les goûts et les dégoûts des savants, des artistes et des écrivains de la période, ne nous parlent plus seulement de leur sensibilité, mais peuvent informer une histoire émotionnelle des mentalités, qui pourra s’appuyer sur les travaux de Françoise Waquet[4]. Aussi, l’examen de l’hypothèse d’une science du goût en construction au fil du siècle pourra-t-il se doubler d’une réflexion sur le savoir que nous construisons nous-mêmes sur le goût que les hommes et les femmes des Lumières ont manifesté, sans le théoriser, mais en l’expérimentant sans relâche et de multiples façons, pour une science mêlée, dont on rappellera qu’elle ne s’inféode pas à l’objectivité moderne.

Les contributions (en histoire des idées, histoire et théories de l’art, littérature, histoire culturelle) pourront aborder les axes suivants :

Les savoirs sur le goût: la critique a déjà défriché toute cette littérature autour de la gourmandise et du goût au sens physiologique, ainsi que les nombreux textes théoriques tels que les préfaces de manuels culinaires (J.-C. Bonnet, B. Fink), les ouvrages de médecine, les traités savants sur l’agronomie (on pense évidemment à Parmentier), et les correspondances d’auteurs qui révèlent goûts et dégoûts, excès et régimes. Si on prolonge l’enquête, ces textes peuvent-ils se lire comme le lieu où se pense le passage du sens matériel à sa symbolisation, où s’interroge le lien entre la perception subjective du goût et le défi théorique tendant à une forme d’universalisme ? Que nous disent, par exemple, les plaisirs d’Émilie du Châtelet ou les raffinements libertins du rapport entre l’individuel et le politique ?

Matérialité du goût et sensualisme. Comment s’articulent les théories du goût (dans tous les sens) et le sensualisme des Lumières ? Qu’impliquent les bouleversements épistémiques touchant la sensation sur la définition du jugement de goût ? Le goût peut-il relever de la pure matière ? Un savoir abstrait peut-il se passer d’un rapport direct, sensitif, voire sensuel aux objets ? Du côté de l’esthétique, il s’agira de s’intéresser à ce glissement du je-ne-sais-quoi à l’originalité, à ce moment où le goût déborde les règles de la Technè. On pourra s’intéresser aux arts d’agrément, aux querelles esthétiques, à la question de la permanence ou de l’universalité du grand goût par rapport aux théories relativistes, ainsi qu’aux questionnements sur la postérité.

Les goûteurs et les dégoûtants : sociologie et anthropologie du goût. À cette époque où se redéfinit le sublime, où l’association du beau et du bien se trouve remise en question, où les frontières du bon et du mauvais goût semblent mouvantes, c’est aussi fondamentalement le rapport du goût à la morale qui se trouve questionné, dans un siècle qui désire certes détacher la science et la philosophie d’un certain nombre de préoccupations théologiques, mais pour y fonder une éthique. Comment redéfinir le goût dans la perspective éthique des Lumières, qui s’affronte aux valeurs humanistes, aux aspirations de l’individualité et de l’harmonie sociale, à l’idée du génie des nations, aux acquis du relativisme et de l’universalisme ?

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Modalités de soumission

Les propositions d’article sont à envoyer avant le 1er juin 2022, sous la forme d’un résumé ne dépassant pas 500 mots, en français ou en anglais, accompagné d’une brève notice bio-bibliographique, aux deux adresses suivantes : guilhem.armand@univ-reunion.fr et sempere@unistra.fr .

Après accord du comité scientifique, les propositions retenues seront attendues pour le 1er novembre 2022. Les articles feront entre 30.000 et 45.000 caractères espaces comprises et pourront conformément aux normes de la revue être rédigés en français ou en anglais ; ils seront accompagnés d'un résumé en 500 caractères maximum, espaces comprises, et d'une biobibliographie des auteurs en 300 caractères espaces comprises.

*

Bibliographie critique indicative :

Abramovici, Jean-Christophe, « Ragoûts », dans Le XVIIIe siècle. Histoire, mémoire et rêve. Mélanges offerts à Jean Goulemot, dir. Didier Masseau, Paris, Honoré Champion éditeur, 2006, p. 253-267.

Abramovici, Jean-Christophe, « Jacob ou l’éducation au goût », dans Lumières sans frontières, Hommage à Roland Mortier et Raymond Trousson, dir. Daniel Droixhe, Jacques Ch. Lemaire, Paris, Hermann, sept. 2016, p. 19-29.

Abramovici, Jean-Christophe, « Du ragoût en peinture », dans Le Cuisinier et l’art. Art du cuisinier et cuisine d’artiste (XVIe-XXIe siècle), dir. Julia Csergo et Frédérique Desbuissons, Paris, INHA/Menu fretin, 2018, p. 217-222.

Armand, Guilhem, « Science culinaire et patrimoine national au XVIIIe siècle », Le Patrimoine en bouche. Nouveaux appétits, nouvelles mythologies, Sylvie Brodziak et Sylvie Catellin (dir.), L’Harmattan, « Questions alimentaires et gastronomiques », 2016, p. 21-44.

Assouly, Olivier, les Nourritures de Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Cuisine, goût et appétit, Paris, Classiques Garnier, coll. « Les Anciens et les Modernes - Études de philosophie», 2016.

Assouly, Olivier, Philosophie du goût. Manger, digérer, jouir, Paris, Pocket, « Agora », 2019.

Bahier-Porte, Christelle et Sempère, Emmanuelle, L’univers sensible des contes, revue Fééries, n° 15, 2018.

Barbafieri, Carine et Abramovici, Jean-Christophe (dir.), L’Invention du mauvais goût à l’âge classique (XVIIe-XVIIIe siècle), Louvain – Paris – Walpole, Éditions Peeters, « La République des Lettres », 2013.

Bart, Jean et Wahl, Elisabeth (dir.), Le Vin, revue Dix-huitième Siècle, n° 29, 1997.

Berchtold, Jacques et Martin, Christophe (dir.), Violences du rococo, Presses Universitaires de Bordeaux, « Mirabilia », 2012.

Bonnet, Jean-Claude et Fink, Béatrice, Aliments et cuisine, revue Dix-huitième Siècle, n° 15, 1983.

Bonnet, Jean-Claude, La Gourmandise et la faim. Histoire symbolique de l’aliment (1730-1830), Paris, Librairie Générale Française, « Le Livre de poche », 2015.

Bourguignat, Elisabeth, Persifler au siècle des Lumières, Paris, Creaphis éditions [nouvelle édition], 2016.

Bury, Emmanuel, Littérature et politesse. L’invention de l’honnête homme, 1580-1750, Paris, PUF, « Perspectives littéraires », 1996.

Charbonneau, Frédéric, L’École de la gourmandise, de Louis XIV à la Révolution, Paris, Desjonquères, 2008.

Cussac, Hélène, « L'ouïe à l'épreuve du goût dans la culture européenne du XVIIIe siècle », L’Ouïe dans la pensée européenne, dir. C. Couturier-Heinrich, Revue Germanique Internationale, 27, 2018, p. 101-120.

Delon, Michel, Le Principe de délicatesse, Paris, Albin Michel, 2011.

Démoris, René, « Chardin ou la cuisine en peinture », Fabula / Les colloques, Littérature et arts à l'âge classique 1 : Littérature et peinture au XVIIIe s., autour des Salons de Diderot, par R. Démoris, URL : http://www.fabula.org/colloques/document611.php

Démoris, René, Chardin, la chair et l’objet, Paris, Adam Biro, 1991.

Didier, Béatrice, L’Infâme et le sublime, Paris, Honoré Champion, « Le Dialogue des arts », 2017.

Ehrard, Jean et Volpilhac-Auger, Catherine (dir.), Du goût à l’esthétique : Montesquieu, Presses Universitaires de Bordeaux, « Mirabilia », 2007.

Ferrer, Véronique et Ramond, Catherine (dir.), La Langue des émotions, xvie–xviiie siècles, Paris, Classiques Garnier, 2017.

Fink, Béatrice, Les Liaisons savoureuses. Réflexions et pratiques culinaires au dix-huitième siècle, Publications de l’Université de Saint-Etienne, « Lire le Dix-huitième siècle », 1995.

Flandrin, Jean-Louis et Massimo Montanari, Histoire de l’alimentation. Paris, Fayard,1996.

Gaillard, Aurélia et Vallette, Jean-René (dir.), La Beauté du merveilleux, Presses Universitaires de Bordeaux, « Mirabilia », 2011.

Gladu, Kim, La Grandeur des petits genres : L’esthétique rococo à l’âge de la galanterie, Paris, Hermann, « La République des Lettres », 2019.

Guédron, Martial, « Physiologie du bon goût. Hiérarchie des sens dans les discours sur l’art en France au XVIIIe siècle », Aux limites de l’imitation : l’ut pictura poesis à l’épreuve de la matière, dir. R. Dekoninck, A. Guiderdoni-Bruslé et N. Kremer, Rodopi, 2009, p. 39-50.

Herman, Jan et Kremer, Nathalie, « ‘Quand les muses se font épicuriennes’. Décadence du goût et valorisation du naturel dans le discours sur le roman au XVIIIe siècle », Études sur le 18e siècle, 34 (2006) : Le XVIIIe, un siècle de décadence ?, dir. V. André et B. Bernard, p. 23-39.

Hoffmann, Viktoria von, Goûter le monde. Une histoire culturelle du goût à l'époque moderne, Peter Lang, « L'Europe alimentaire », 2013.

Howes, David et Classen, Constance, Ways of Sensing: Understanding the Senses in Society, London and New York, Routledge, 2014.

Jaffro, Laurent, La Couleur du goût. Psychologie et esthétique au siècle de Hume, Paris, Vrin, coll. « Essais d'art et de philosophie », 2019.

Leplatre, Olivier, "Un goût à la voir nonpareil". Manger les images, essais d'iconophagie, Paris, Editions Kimé, Collection "Détours littéraires", 2018.

Larue, Renan, Le Végétarisme des Lumières. L’abstinence de viande dans la France du XVIIIe siècle, Paris, Classiques Garnier, « L’Europe des Lumières », 2019.

Méchoulan, Éric, « Le goût et le ragoût », dans Les dérèglements de l'art : Formes et procédures de l'illégitimité culturelle en France (1715-1914), dir. P. Popovic et É. Vigneault, Montréal : Presses de l’Université de Montréal, 2001, p. 113-129.

Mervaud, Christiane, Voltaire à table : plaisir du corps, plaisir de l’esprit, Paris, Desjonquères, 1998.

Meyzie, Philippe (dir.), La Gourmandise, entre péché et plaisir, revue Lumières, n° 11, 1er semestre 2008.

Meyzie, Philippe, « La circulation des goûts et des modes alimentaires en Europe » , dans Les circulations internationales en Europe : Années 1680 - années 1780, Rennes : Presses universitaires de Rennes, 2010, p. 425-434.

Michel, Patrick, Peinture et plaisir : les goûts picturaux des collectionneurs parisiens au xviiie siècle, Rennes, Presses Universitaires de Rennes, 2010.

Montandon, Alain (dir.), Du goût, de la conversation & des femmes, Clermont-Ferrand, Association des publications de la Faculté des lettres et sciences humaines de Clermont-Ferrand, coll. « Littératures », 1994.

Onfray, Michel, Le Ventre des philosophes, Critique de la raison diététique, Paris, Grasset, 1989.

Quellier, Florent, La Table des Français. Une histoire culturelle (XVe-XIXe siècle), Presses Universitaires de Rennes / Presses Universitaires François Rabelais, « Tables des hommes », 2013.

Simha, Suzanne, Du Goût, de Montesquieu à Brillat-Savarin, Paris, Hermann, 2012.

Talon-Hugon, Carole, Goût et dégoût : l’art peut-il tout montrer ?, Nîmes, J. Chambon, « Rayon art », 2003.

Tsien, Jennifer, Le mauvais goût des autres. Le jugement littéraire dans la France du XVIIIe siècle, Paris, Hermann, 2017.

Waquet, Françoise, Une histoire émotionnelle du savoir : XVIIe-XXIe siècle, Paris, CNRS éditions, 2019.



[1] « Il y a un peu de testicule au fond de nos sentiments les plus sublimes et de notre tendresse la plus épurée » (Diderot, À Damilaville, 3 nov. 1760, Correspondance, « Bouquins », t. V, p. 297)

[2] Diderot, Le Neveu de Rameau, éd. Chartier, Le Livre de Poche, 2002, p. 128.

[3] Kwame Anthony Appiah, Le code d'honneur : Comment adviennent les révolutions morales, trad. J.-F. Sené, Paris, Gallimard, « NRF essais », 2012.

[4] Waquet, Françoise, Une histoire émotionnelle du savoir : XVIIe-XXIe siècle, Paris, CNRS éditions, 2019.

La marchandisation du squelette humain au XVIIIe siècle

The Commodification of the Human Skeleton in the Eighteenth Century

Talk by Anita Guerrini (Oregon State/UCSB)


4 May 2022, 4:00 to 5:30 pm CET

 "Although Vesalius gave detailed instructions for making human skeletons in De Fabrica in 1543, skeletons did not become commodities – things that were bought and sold – until the end of the seventeenth century, when they were regularly included in private and public collections. A lively trade in skeletons by 1750 is evident in auction and collection catalogues and newspaper advertisements. But the moral and ethical implications of making and marketing human skeletons remained largely unstated, at least in print. Toward the end of the eighteenth century, a burgeoning global trade in human skulls further complicated this issue. This talk will focus mainly on Britain, and will discuss both the making and the marketing of human skeletons and skulls between about 1720 and 1800."

To require the link to access the meeting, please write an email to marco.storni@unine.ch.

Histoire des violences sexuelles

'Do No Harm': Researching the Pasts, Presents, and Futures of Sexual Violence


Call for papers

 

8-10 Feb 2023, Birkbeck, University of London

The SHaME Project (Birkbeck, University of London) and project (University of Exeter) are thrilled to share a Call for Papers for the upcoming ‘Do No Harm’: Researching the Pasts, Presents, and Futures of Sexual Violence conference, taking place 8-10 February 2023 at Birkbeck, University of London.

In the last twenty years, we have witnessed protests and acts of resistance against sexual violence in its many forms around the world. #MeToo is only the latest articulation of anger against a contested and highly politicised form of violence that continues to be an omnipresent threat to women and children. While substantial legal and social gains have been made in some parts of the world over the past five decades, the violence continues. Harmful rape myths and stereotypes, often racialized, endure and shape who society sees as victims and perpetrators. The legal, medical, and criminal justice systems repeatedly fail victims and survivors. Violence prevention programmes continually place the onus on women and children to monitor their own behaviour. Those whose identities are marginalised or ‘othered’ such as trans and non-binary people, immigrants, or people with disabilities are targeted for abuse and often failed by services set up to support them.

This conference explores sexual violence from a historical perspective. What can historical research reveal about sexual violence in both the past and present, and how can such research help us to think constructively about the future? How can researchers overcome the significant methodological challenges inherent in such scholarship? How can academics, activists, and practitioners work together in these endeavours? We invite papers from academics in any discipline, as well as from activists and practitioners working in the gender-based violence sector. Papers can focus on any historical period or location, and we particularly welcome papers exploring histories of sexual violence beyond Europe and the Global North. Papers may focus on methodology, ethics, or research findings, but should emphasise how their approach or argument develops current understandings of sexual violence in new ways

Alongside the presentation of papers, the conference will also bring together academics, activists, and practitioners in workshops which facilitate knowledge exchange between sectors and across disciplines. We welcome submissions for academic papers, workshops, or other, innovative approaches and formats of presenting ideas and sharing knowledge.

Possible topics include, but are not limited to:

– Intersectional identities and histories of sexual violence

– Representations of ‘victims,’ ‘survivors’ or ‘perpetrators’

– Positionality and power dynamics in the research process

– Oral histories and other participatory methodologies

– Working with activists, NGOs, and local communities

– Public engagement and public histories of sexual violence

– Methodological challenges and ethical complexities

– Archival encounters

– Emotions and language

– Voices, silences, and erasure

– Storytelling, memoir, and personal testimonies

– Critiques of legal or medical histories of gender-based violence

– Histories of activism against sexual or gender-based violence

The conference will also form the basis of an edited collection exploring the methodological challenges, ethical dilemmas, and opportunities inherent in researching the histories of sexual violence. Participants will have the option of proposing their papers for inclusion in this publication. We will ask for full papers to be submitted for peer review shortly after the conference.

This conference is jointly funded by UKRI and the Wellcome Trust, and hosted by the South Africa’s Hidden War project at the University of Exeter and the Sexual Encounters and Medical Harms (SHaME) project at Birkbeck, University of London.

Please see the attached CFP for details. Those interested should submit abstracts of no more than 300 words, including the names and affiliations of presenters, an outline of the proposed presentation (300 words max), and whether you will need funding for travel and accommodation. Please send to e.j.bridger@exeter.ac.uk and r.beecher@bbk.ac.uk by 13 June 2022.

Henry Daniel

Henry Daniel and the Rise of Middle English Medical Writing
 

Sarah Star (Editor)


Publisher ‏ : ‎ University of Toronto Press (April 15, 2022)
Language ‏ : ‎ English
Hardcover ‏ : ‎ 224 pages
ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-1487529536


Henry Daniel, fourteenth-century medical writer, Dominican friar, and contemporary of Chaucer, is one of the most neglected figures to whom we can attribute a substantial body of extant works in Middle English. His Liber Uricrisiarum, the earliest known medical text in Middle English, synthesizes authoritative traditions into a new diagnostic encyclopedia characterized by its stylistic verve and intellectual scope.

Drawing on expertise from a range of scholars, this volume examines Daniel’s capacious works and demonstrates their significance to many scholarly conversations, including the history of late medieval medicine. It explains the background for Daniel’s uroscopic and herbal work, describes all known versions of the Liber Uricrisiarum and traces revisions over time, analyses Daniel’s representations of his own medical practice, and demonstrates his influence on later medical and literary writers.

Both a companion to the recently published reading edition of the Liber Uricrisiarum and a work of original scholarship in its own right, this collectionpromotes a wider understanding of Daniel’s texts and prompts new discoveries about their importance.

Inégalités régionales de santé

PhD studentship on the ‘north-south health divide’ and regional health inequalities 

 

Call for applications

Wellcome-Trust funded PhD studentship at Newcastle to anyone who you think might be interested: it forms part of a larger project led by Professor Clare Bambra. The studentship includes 100% of home tuition fees, an annual stipend for 36 months, starting at £19,919 and rising incrementally, with additional funding available to cover research costs, conference fees, and engagement activities. Closing deadline is 20 May 2022, and further details, including how to apply, are listed here. Queries should be directed in the first instance to me.

An historical perspective on the ‘north-south health divide’ and regional health inequalities

Interested in the social history of health, and its relevance to contemporary problems? This PhD project will investigate the historical development, extent, experiences, and representations of regional health inequalities in England, focussing on the north-south divide. Applicants should include a proposal outlining how they would approach this project: you may wish to focus on periods where health inequalities came to the fore (e.g. nineteenth-century sanitary reform era, characterised by debates about industrialisation and health; the interwar era, when health improvement efforts were undercut by poverty and unemployment, and the early 1980s, when the Black Report drew attention to health inequalities, while deindustrialisation fuelled regional inequalities). Themes which may shape this research include social class, employment and working conditions, gender, and the body. A wide range of qualitative and quantitative sources could potentially be exploited for this research, including medical officer of health reports; archives of medical associations; regional health authority and council archival materials; epidemiological and demographic data; government records; newspapers, oral history re-use; medical journals and publications.

This is an exciting opportunity to complete a PhD while participating in a wider multidisciplinary Wellcome Trust funded project on regional health inequalities and the successful candidate will be expected to contribute to wider project team discussions and publications. Newcastle hosts a thriving multidisciplinary medical humanities network encompassing postgraduate researchers, and resources that may be useful for this research, including the Pybus Collection and the Donaldson (Sir Liam) Archive.

L’esprit qui hante la psychologie

L’esprit en héritage. D’où vient l’esprit qui hante la psychologie ?

Françoise Parot

 

Éditions matériologiques

2022

Lorsqu’à la fin du XIX^e siècle le positivisme invite les savoirs sur l’Homme à devenir scientifiques, la psychologie a hérité d’un domaine jusque-là réservé à la philosophie mais aussi aux croyances religieuses ou profanes : la compréhension de l’esprit humain et du rôle qu’il joue dans la détermination des conduites. Ce livre a pour ambition de montrer le parcours historique de cet objet avant qu’il incombe à la psychologie d’en construire la science : l’esprit (ou la conscience, ou l’entendement) a été longtemps considéré comme d’origine divine ou doté de pouvoirs surnaturels et, de ce fait, intégré à des pratiques religieuses ou magiques qui n’ont aujourd’hui pas pris fin. On constate dans ce parcours historique que les discours à son sujet et surtout les pratiques pour le convoquer ou l’interroger sont largement restées tributaires de la matrice métaphysique du spiritualisme. Alors même que la science de la nature faisait des progrès considérables pour parvenir à la thèse matérialiste de la clôture du monde physique, le spiritualisme ne s’est pas détaché du savoir de la Tradition, magique et ésotérique.

La croyance dans les pouvoirs de l’esprit continue encore aujourd’hui de hanter la psychologie : des théories de l’esprit aux neurosciences cognitives, impossible d’échapper à la construction d’un ensemble de concepts que rien ne vient étayer et dans lequel on retrouve les traces du passé de l’esprit. Pourquoi, par exemple, recherche-t-on les modules de l’esprit quand rien n’en démontre l’existence ? Pourquoi inconscient, interprétation des rêves, surmoi trônent-ils encore sur nos étagères thérapeutiques ? Les procédures épistémologiques d’une grande partie de la psychologie tout comme le bestiaire ontologique qui la peuple témoignent des intenses réticences à en faire une science des manifestations du cerveau et, par conséquent, à en présenter une science aboutie. C’est pourtant un chemin nécessaire, auquel invite ce livre.

 

Les femmes et la médecine dans l'empire japonais

Women and Medicine in the Japanese Empire

The 4th Virtual Workshop


April 30, 2022 (Japan Standard Time)

Organizers: Hiro Fujimoto (Kyoto University/JSPS)/Ellen Nakamura (The University of Auckland)

Registration deadline: April 28, 2022

Speakers

Ellen Nakamura (University of Auckland)
“The Greater Japan Women’s Hygiene Society as Public Space”

Isaac C.K. Tan (Columbia University)
“Hirose Kikuko and Her Typhi-Contaminated Buns: A Case of Resisting Gender and Legal Institutions in Wartime Japan”

Commentator: Reut Harari (Tel Aviv University)

We are pleased to invite participants in the fourth of a series of virtual workshops on the theme of “Women and Medicine in the Japanese Empire.” The aim is to develop an international research network on the history of women and medicine/healthcare in Japan and open up the possibility for future collaboration and publication. We hope that an edited volume will eventuate from the workshops. There is still scope to include interested scholars and graduate students in future workshops.
About the workshop

The last few decades has witnessed a growing body of scholarship on women in Japanese history. From the early twentieth century, women worked in a greater variety of roles and more and more women sought working opportunities outside the home. The jobs of shokugyō fujin (working women) ranged from teachers, typists, office workers, switchboard operators to physicians, nurses, and pharmacists. Women’s presence in the healthcare field was not small, though scholars have scarcely begun to examine how these medical women contributed to people's health. As has been highlighted by the recent COVID-19 crisis and the news of sexist policies regarding admission to medical school, there is still much to be learned about the situations and struggles of women working on the frontlines of the health system, let alone in its quieter corners and peripheries.

Women doctors in Japan have received much less attention than their counterparts in other countries, or even in comparison to Japanese nurses. However, the medical profession attracted women across the expanse of the colonial empire. Several Japanese women crossed the Pacific Ocean to receive medical training before 1900. After the establishment of Tokyo Women’s Medical School in the same year, numbers of Asian women came to Japan from the colonies where medical education for women was still limited. Thus, the history of these women doctors gives us a glimpse into the complicated relationship between gender, health, and colonialism in Japan.  

Time/Date

April 30, 2022, 17:00–18:30. Japan Standard Time.

Check your time zone here: https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/meetingdetails.html?year=2022&month=4&day=30&hour=8&min=0&sec=0&p1=248&p2=22&p3=676&p4=136&p5=43

Workshop Format

Virtual (via Zoom)

Registration (free)

https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScTEpMCNjVfRZIQtlx2NaIpbKP2Ikw3MnbOxfewaOQRlHuuVQ/viewform
​Please register by April 28. The organizers will send a Zoom link to the registered e-mail address by April 29.

Contact

Hiro Fujimoto, Ph.D.
Postdoctoral Fellow at Kyoto University/Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
hiro.fujimoto.n[at]gmail.com

Race et psychiatrie

Race et psychiatrie, de la pathologie à l’émancipation. Amériques, Afriques (1900-1960)

 
Histoire, médecine et santé, hiver 2021

La psychiatrie, qui s’est positionnée dès les années 1830 comme une médecine du corps social, doit-elle soigner ceux qui par principe n’en font pas partie – esclaves et colonisés ? Cette question est posée au tournant du xxe siècle dans le cadre de l’administration de nouveaux territoires à « civiliser » et celui des États post-esclavagistes, à une époque où les savoirs raciaux accompagnent plus que jamais le gouvernement des populations. En maints lieux de ces empires ou ex-empires, la pathologisation de la race rejoint alors la médicalisation de la folie, renforçant les catégories raciales mais aussi les modifiant, voire les déconstruisant. Dans un espace transnational où les savoirs médicaux circulent rapidement, les configurations politiques et les trajectoires singulières des médecins déterminent des articulations très diverses voire opposées entre savoirs psychiatriques et raciaux, que ce dossier cherche à éclairer depuis le Brésil, les États-Unis et les colonies françaises en Afrique dans la première moitié du xxe siècle.

Aurélia Michel
Savoirs psychiatriques et ordre racial, entre collusions et conflits

Silvia Falconieri
Pathologies de l’« âme indigène ».Les savoirs juridico-administratif et médical sur la folie en Afrique française


Raphaël Gallien
Penser la race au détour de la folie. Psychiatrie et colonisation à Madagascar (1900-1913)

Ynaê Lopes dos Santos
Race et folie dans la psychiatrie de Juliano Moreira au Brésil (1873-1933)
 

Aurélia Michel
Les psychiatres brésiliens et la race, entre eugénisme et hygiénisme (1920-1937)

Élodie Edwards-Grossi
La psychiatrie de ville après la Grande Migration. Le cas de la clinique Lafargue à New York à la fin des années 1940
 

Sources et documents

Aurélia Michel
Une opération de police sanitaire, l’internement psychiatrique de plus de 800 « déments » entre janvier et juillet 1932 à São Paulo (Brésil)

Entretien

Raphaël Gallien et René Collignon
« À Fann, on croit aux rab ! »
Entretien avec René Collignon

Varia

Gaspard Bouhallier
« Pour que maman ne parte pas si loin ». Familles de malades et personnel hospitalier face à la politique de rationalisation des dépenses en psychiatrie (1945-1948)


Comptes rendus

Anne Carol
Philippe Charrier, Gaëlle Clavandier, Vincent Gourdon, Catherine Rollet, Nathalie Sage Pranchère (dir.), Morts avant de naître. La mort périnatale, Tours, Presses universitaires François Rabelais, 2018, 442 pages

Marine Bellégo
Malika Basu, History of Indigenous Pharmaceutical Companies in Colonial Calcutta (1855-1947), New Delhi, Manohar, 2021, 272 pages

Laurence Talairach
Diana Pérez Edelman, Embryology and the Rise of the Gothic Novel, Cham, Palgrave Macmillan, 2021, 179 pages

Justine Zeller
Laura Di Spurio, Du côté des jeunes filles. Discours, (contre-)modèles et histoires de l’adolescence féminine, Bruxelles, Éditions de l’Université de Bruxelles, 2020, 298 pages

Camille Monduit de Caussade
Nicole Catheline, L’enfant et la médecine. Une histoire de la pédopsychiatrie (xixe-xxe siècles),Paris, L’Harmattan, 2021, 392 pages

François Zanetti
Mathilde Rossigneux-Méheust, Vies d’hospice. Vieillir et mourir en institution au xixe siècle, Ceyzérieu, Champ Vallon, 2018, 392 pages

Les vermines dans l'histoire

When They Became Pests: Human & Nonhuman Species as Vermin in History

a HYBRID one-day event 

convened by T.H. Breen Graduate Fellow Guangshuo YANG
Leopold Room, Harris Hall (Rm. 108), 1881 Sheridan Rd., Evanston campus (with in-person and remote papers, livestreamed for a wider audience)

Our views on nonhuman creatures, mythological or scientific, can serve as powerful symbols and metaphors to organize human identities. History is replete with cases of dehumanization that equated targeted groups to vermin and pests: nonhuman species associated with pain, fear, and disgust. The Nazi defamation of Jews as rats, and the Hutu génocidaires’ labeling of Tutsi as cockroaches are two familiar examples. However, we often take for granted the cultural meanings embodied by these nonhuman species and overlook the contingency of the meaning-making process.

Are pests and vermin socially created? If so, what conditioned the creation of such enemy species? How did certain life forms become widely accepted public enemies? Are such notions translatable across cultures? Who had the authority to make such decisions on behalf of the collective interests? How did scientific knowledge and spiritual beliefs about enemy species affect political language, cultural metaphors, social institutions, and vice versa? How did the designation of species enemies affect a culture’s relationship with other human groups, nonhuman animals, and the environment? 

Professor Susan D. JONES of the University of Minnesota will be the keynote speaker. Professor Jones is a historian of modern biomedical and life sciences focusing on the historical ecology of disease, environment, and health. For more of Professor Jones’ research, see https://cbs.umn.edu/contacts/susan-d-jones.

FRIDAY, APRIL 29, 2022

In-person: Harris Hall 108 (1881 Sheridan Rd., Evanston)

If you cannot attend in person, please register for Zoom at: https://tinyurl.com/pestconference

9:00-9:30 a.m. Meet and Greet (with continental breakfast)

9:30-9:45 a.m. Welcome by CCHS Director Jonathon Glassman
and conference convener Guangshuo Yang

9:45- 11:00 a.m. Panel 1 - Epistemological Making of Pests
Chair: Colin Bos (Northwestern University)

Riaz HOWEY (Max Planck Institute for the History of Science) – Pest Control as Knowledge in New Persian Agricultural Manuals [ZOOM]

Jack GREATREX (University of Hong Kong) – “Destroying Destroyers”: Pestology and the “Pest” in Early Twentieth-Century Britain and its Empire [ZOOM]

Commentator: Professor Paul Ramirez (Northwestern University)

11:00-11:15 a.m. Coffee Break

11:15 a.m.-12:30 a.m. Panel 2 – Artistic Conjuring of Pests
Chair: E. Bennett Jones (Northwestern University)

Luke-Elizabeth GARTLEY (The New School) – Never Seek Permission: Pigeons in Art and Urban Resistance.

Anastasiia SIMFEROVSKA (Northwestern University) – A Beast on the Aryan Side: Jewish Artist Explores Nazi Visual Propaganda

Commentator: Professor David Shyovitz (Northwestern University)

12:30-1:00 p.m. Lunch Break (with boxed lunches available)

12:30-1:00 p.m. Lunch Break (with boxed lunches available)

1:00-2:30 p.m. Professor Susan JONES (University of Minnesota), author of Death in a Small Package: A Short History of Anthrax and Valuing Animals: Veterinarians and Their Patients in Modern America
Keynote Lecture: Becoming and Unbecoming Pests: New Approaches to Marginalized Beings

Introduction of keynote speaker: Professor Deborah Cohen (Northwestern University)

2:30-2:45 p.m. Break

2:45-4:15 p.m. Panel 3 - Political Construction of Pests
Chair: Rachel Wallner (Northwestern University)

Kai WERNER (College of William and Mary) – A Trip to the North Kohala Pound: Sovereignty, Law, and Stray Animals in the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi

Guangshuo YANG (Northwestern University) – Making Natural Enemies: Pestification of Bugs and the Construction of Nationalist Subjectivity in Modern China, 1895-1930

Peter BRADEN (University of Michigan) – Collateral Killing: Humans, Rodents, and Plague in China, 1931-1971

Commentator: Professor Peter Carroll (Northwestern University)

La naissance au Pérou (1820-1920)

Mettre au monde - La naissance, enjeu de pouvoirs (Pérou, 1820-1920)

Lissell Quiroz
 

PU Rouen
Avril 2022
240 pages
ISBN 979-10-240-1577-4 

La naissance est un événement éminemment politique. Elle s'inscrit toujours dans une communauté humaine qui lui donne un sens social selon des critères qui lui sont propres. Longtemps vue comme un acte naturel, universel et répétitif, la naissance fait aujourd'hui l'objet de recherches qui réévaluent cette image et dévoilent son importance sociale et politique. C'est le cas de cet ouvrage qui étudie l'histoire de la maternité au Pérou entre la fin de la période coloniale et le début du xxe siècle.

Dans ce pays andin, des mutations majeures se produisent durant les décennies que couvre cette étude. En 1820, toutes les femmes péruviennes accouchaient de manière dite traditionnelle, c'est-à-dire à domicile et avec l'aide de la famille et parfois de sages-femmes formées de manière empirique. Peu de temps après l'indépendance du pays, en 1826, le gouvernement crée la première maternité hospitalière du pays et du monde ibérique.

Dès lors, l'accouchement puis la grossesse et les suites de couches sont suivis par un personnel médical formé à la maternité et composé de sages-femmes et de médecins. Cent ans plus tard, les corps des femmes et des nouveau-nés sont de plus en plus contrôlés par l'Etat à travers le personnel médical. Cette étude montre qu'il existe, dans cette biopolitique de la maternité, un biais colonial et patriarcal, en fonction de l'origine sociale et raciale des femmes en âge de procréer.

Elle apporte, sous le prisme de problématiques féministes décoloniales, un regard nouveau sur la naissance, l'histoire de la médecine et des femmes péruviennes.

Les films sur les asiles

Madhouse Movies

Call for Publications

Madhouses in movies, a staple of cinema since its inception, more recently surfaced in streaming media, which has become equally important to the traditional big screen. This essay collection addresses the many manifestations of media "madhouses," w chapters from many academic disciplines. Essays are 3,000-5,000 words, directed to a general educated audience, and focusing on the content and aesthetics of the films themselves, or on the sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic implications of “incarceration.” We view screen media as “the royal road to the collective unconscious” that reflects society’s attitudes and experiences, fears and fantasies. This collection does NOT include memoir/clinical cases/political polemics—but innovative, even iconoclastic, ideas are welcome. Possible topics: High Anxiety & Hitchcock’s Spellbound; Star Trek’s Prison Planet (and other SF madhouses); asylums in silent cinema; Hannibal Lecter’s incarceration in institutions for the “criminally insane”; Arkham Asylum as the archetypal involuntary institution; comedic interpretations of psych hospitals; romanticized renditions of rest homes in “weepies” (women’s films) of the 40s and elsewhere; films inspired by Lovecraft's stories and/or family history of hospitalization; supernatural asylums; Dracula's madhouses; psych hospitals in film noir, etc. This peer-reviewed collection is in contact with McFarland books. The editor wrote monographs on Cinema’s Sinister Psychiatrists; Neuroscience in Science Fiction Films; Movies and the Modern Psyche, and Dreams in Myth, Medicine & Movies and edited essay collections for Arkham Asylum: Essays on Psychiatry and the Gotham City Institution; Mental Illness in American Pop Culture; and A History of Evil in American Popular Culture. PL EMAIL 300-500 WORD ABSTRACT (w short resume) TO DRPACKER@HOTMAIL.COM by July 1, 2022.

Contact Info:
EDITOR: SHARON PACKER, MD
DRPACKER@HOTMAIL.COM

Contact Email: Drpacker@hotmail.com

URL: http://WWW.PSYCHIATRYINPOPULARCULTURE.COM

Histoire de la télésanté

The Doctor Who Wasn’t There. Technology, History, and the Limits of Telehealth


Jeremy A. Greene 

The University of Chicago Press
2022

This gripping history shows how the electronic devices we use to access and receive care influence the kind of care we receive.

The Doctor Who Wasn’t There traces the long arc of enthusiasm for—and skepticism of—electronic media in health and medicine. Over the past century, a series of new technologies promised to democratize access to healthcare. From the humble telephone to the connected smartphone, from FM radio to wireless wearables, from cable television to the “electronic brains” of networked mainframe computers: each new platform has promised a radical reformation of the healthcare landscape. With equal attention to the history of technology, the history of medicine, and the politics and economies of American healthcare, physician and historian Jeremy A. Greene explores the role that electronic media play, for better and for worse, in the past, present, and future of our health.

Today’s telehealth devices are far more sophisticated than the hook-and-ringer telephones of the 1920s, the radios that broadcasted health data in the 1940s, the closed-circuit televisions that enabled telemedicine in the 1950s, or the online systems that created electronic medical records in the 1960s. But the ethical, economic, and logistical concerns they raise are prefigured in these earlier episodes, as are the gaps between what was promised and what was delivered. Each of these platforms also produced subtle transformations in health and healthcare that we have learned to forget, displaced by promises of ever newer communications platforms that took their place.

Illuminating the social and technical contexts in which electronic medicine has been conceived and put into practice, Greene’s history shows the urgent stakes, then and now, for those who would seek in new media the means to build a more equitable future for American health care.

BSHS Singer Prize 2022

BSHS Singer Prize 2022

Call for applications

 

The British Society for the History of Science is delighted to invite submissions for the BSHS Singer Prize 2022.


The BSHS Singer Prize is awarded every two years to the writer of an essay outstanding in research, novelty and expression, based on original research into any aspect of the history of science, technology or medicine. The prize is intended for recent entrants into the profession. Candidates must be registered for a postgraduate degree or have been awarded such in the five years prior to the closing date. All nationalities are welcome.

Essays must not exceed 8,000 words and should be submitted in English. They should adhere to BJHS guidance to authors in all respects. The prize may be awarded to the writer of one outstanding essay, or may be awarded to two or more entrants. Publication in the British Journal for the History of Science will be at the discretion of the Editor. Essays under consideration or in press, either at BJHS or elsewhere, are not eligible.

The deadline for submissions is 29 April 2022. Submissions should be emailed to the BSHS Executive Secretary, Lucy Santos (office@bshs.org.uk) with 'Singer entry' and the author surname in the subject line.


There is a list of previous winners at https://www.bshs.org.uk/prizes/bshs-singer-prize

Des cerveaux à l'écran

Performing Brains on Screen


Fernando Vidal
 

Amsterdam University Press
258 p.
ISBN- 9789048541553

Performing Brains on Screen deals with film enactments and representations of the belief that human beings are essentially their brains, a belief that embodies one of the most influential modern ways of understanding the human. Films have performed brains in two chief ways: by turning physical brains into protagonists, as in the “brain movies” of the 1950, which show terrestrial or extra-terrestrial disembodied brains carrying out their evil intentions; or by giving brains that remain unseen inside someone’s head an explicitly major role, as in brain transplantation films or their successors since the 1980s, in which brain contents are transferred and manipulated by means of information technology. Through an analysis of filmic genres and particular movies, Performing Brains on Screen documents this neglected filmic universe, and demonstrates how the cinema has functioned as a cultural space where a core notion of the contemporary world has been rehearsed and problematized.

Les maladies aéroportées dans l'histoire

From the Black Death to COVID-19: Airborne Diseases in History, Literature, and Culture


Call for Papers



Organized by Tatiana Konrad, Savannah Schaufler, and Chantelle Mitchell


Conference Dates: November 16th-18th, 2022

Extended Abstract Submission Deadline: Mai 1st, 2022

Venue: Virtual via Zoom

The virtual conference “From the Black Death to COVID-19: Airborne Diseases in History, Literature, and Culture,” organized as part of the FWF project “Air and Environmental Health in a (Post-)COVID-19 World,” invites you to submit an abstract for consideration. The aim of this conference is to highlight health and medical perspectives on airborne diseases and pandemics, particularly in relation to their historical representation in Anglophone and postcolonial cultural and literary narratives. Presentations will take an in-depth look at how these representations can help us better understand the complex nature of air in connection to epidemics and pandemics. Topics of interest include Black death, Spanish flu, influenza, COVID-19 pandemic, disease and death, epidemics and war, vaccination, air pollution, and overall health and medical humanities perspectives on airborne disease. This conference will discuss the role of the humanities in addressing trapped life, social distancing, and the history of epidemics and pandemics. In this context, an epidemic is understood as a temporally and spatially limited increased occurrence of disease with a uniform cause in human populations. Unlike an epidemic, a pandemic is not spatially limited.1

Epidemics and pandemics are also recurring themes fictionalized in literary and cultural texts. Coping with such crises is illustrated through textual and figurative narratives and helps to express emotional and critical responses. Well-known cinematic and serial examples that illustrate pandemics and discuss the outbreak of a new airborne disease include Emily St. John Mandel’s Station Eleven (2021), Steven Soderbergh’s Contagion (2011), and Christian Alvart’s Sløborn (2020). Russell T. Davies’ Years and Years (2019) discusses, among other things, what global impact the detonation of an atomic bomb has on the social life of a family. Stephen King’s The Stand (1994) tells the story of a world that must build a new form of order and society after an outbreak of a superflu. Also, comics deal with pandemics and epidemics and depict the coping, social distancing, and isolation figuratively. These include Budd Fisher’s Mutt and Jeff, Edwina Dumm’s Cap Stubbs and Tippie, and Dann Collins’ Sarszilla. These imaginaries often make important contributions to educating, edifying, and documenting the experience of dealing with the global challenges of epidemics and pandemics.2

The COVID-19 virus, which is primarily airborne, has led to a redefinition of the concept of human health, air in general, and air pollution in particular. As airborne diseases reflect an interaction between humans and their ecological environment, we would like to call for proposals that include topics from the health sciences and medical humanities perspective. This conference will trace the history of epidemic and pandemic disease, as well as airborne viruses. Air as such becomes a vehicle, as the transmissibility of viruses also to a certain degree results in and happens because of air pollution. The conference will address topics such as contagion and transmission, zoonotic diseases, infections, death, air, and air pollution by viruses, social distancing in relation to history, media representations of disease and medicine, and vaccine controversies in an era of pandemics.

The purpose of this conference is to generate discussion among scholars, writers, and artists about the history of pandemics, the issues they raise, and the reflections (thinking, feeling, behaving) they provoke. Therefore, the event calls for a critical examination of medicine, ecology, crises, planetary health, and the future, and aims to demonstrate to the audience the urgency and importance of interdisciplinary research, with particular attention to the relationship between humans, history, health, and the environment.

We invite potential contributors to submit abstracts on the following topics (but not limited to):

· Historical perspectives on epidemics and pandemics

· (Airborne) pandemics in cultural and literary narratives (fiction and nonfiction)

· (Airborne) viruses and contagion

· Social distancing, isolation, and quarantine

· Airborne viruses and air pollution

· Environmental crisis and the emergence of (new) viruses

· Interrelationship between human and planetary health

· Vaccine controversies in an era of pandemics

This virtual conference aims to bring together national and international scholars working in the fields of health and medical humanities, environmental humanities, cultural studies, and history with different approaches to complex and multi-layered relationships between humans and the environment. Contributions that address normative issues of social and global justice in the context of airborne diseases are welcome. Scholars from the Global South are especially encouraged to apply.

Please email your abstract of 300 words and short bio (about 150 words) by Mai 1, 2022 to air.anglistik@univie.ac.at

We expect to notify you of the acceptance of your abstract by Monday May 9, 2022.

Submissions are required to be originals and should not have been previously published or be awaiting publication during the evaluation process for this conference.

Depending on the number and type of papers, conference proceedings will lead to some papers being included in a submission for a special issue of a journal. We are currently in the process of discussing a special conference issue with potential journals.


This research was funded in whole, or in part, by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [P 34790].

1 Merriam-Webser. “Pandemic.” Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. Accessed October 19, 2021. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pandemic.

2 Saji, Sweetha, Sathyaraj Venkatesan, and Brian Callender. “Comics in the Time of a Pan(dem)ic: COVID-19, Graphic Medicine, and Metaphors.” Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 64, no. 1 (2021): 136–54. https://doi.org/10.1353/pbm.2021.0010.



Contact Info:

Dr. Tatiana Konrad, MA
Savannah Schaufler, MSc
Chantelle Mitchell, MA
Department of English and American Studies, University of Vienna
 

Contact Email:
air.anglistik@univie.ac.at

URL:
https://airproject.univie.ac.at/conferences/

Une maison de fous mexicaine au siècle des Lumières

Bedlam in the New World. A Mexican Madhouse in the Age of Enlightenment
 

Christina Ramos

The University of North Carolina Press
March 2022
ISBN: 978-1-4696-6656-3

A rebellious Indian proclaiming noble ancestry and entitlement, a military lieutenant foreshadowing the coming of revolution, a blasphemous Creole embroiderer in possession of a bundle of sketches brimming with pornography. All shared one thing in common. During the late eighteenth century, they were deemed to be mad and forcefully admitted to the Hospital de San Hipólito in Mexico City, the first hospital of the New World to specialize in the care and custody of the mentally disturbed.

Christina Ramos reconstructs the history of this overlooked colonial hospital from its origins in 1567 to its transformation in the eighteenth century, when it began to admit a growing number of patients transferred from the Inquisition and secular criminal courts. Drawing on the poignant voices of patients, doctors, friars, and inquisitors, Ramos treats San Hipólito as both a microcosm and a colonial laboratory of the Hispanic Enlightenment—a site where traditional Catholicism and rationalist models of madness mingled in surprising ways. She shows how the emerging ideals of order, utility, rationalism, and the public good came to reshape the institutional and medical management of madness. While the history of psychiatry’s beginnings has often been told as seated in Europe, Ramos proposes an alternative history of madness’s medicalization that centers colonial Mexico and places religious figures, including inquisitors, at the pioneering forefront.

Le corps malade de l'artisan

The Sick Body of the Artisan. Labor, Medicine, and Health in Ramazzini's Diseases of Workers (1700)


Lecture



When
28 April 2022
16:00 - 18:00 CEST


Where
Sala degli Stemmi
Villa Salviati- Castle


Organised by Department of History and Civilisation


The EUI History of Science and Medicine working group hosts a presentation by Paola Bertucci who will talk about the first treatise on occupational medicine.


Bernardino Ramazzini’s De Morbis Artificum Diatriba (On the Diseases of Workers), was a highly successful text, commonly regarded as the first treatise on occupational medicine. This paper situates it in the context of early modern writings on the mechanical arts, asking what it meant for a physician like Ramazzini to focus on the diseases of workers at that time. It shows that the work’s novelty did not so much rest in its contents as in its argument. While Diseases of Workers contained little new information on how to treat workers, its argument that physicians should pay attention to patients’ occupations was a novel and polemical one. The paper discusses the implications of this argument for the relationship between physicians and the state.

Please register to get a seat or the ZOOM link.

Links:

Attachments:
HEC Events - Privacy Statement - Sept 2021.pdf

La chute tragique du Dr Mary Archard Latham

Mercy and Madness: Dr. Mary Archard Latham's Tragic Fall from Female Physician to Felon 

Beverly Lionberger Hodgins


Publisher ‏ : ‎ TwoDot (April 1, 2022)
Language ‏ : ‎ English
Hardcover ‏ : ‎ 224 pages  
ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-1493059744

Spokane, Washington’s first female physician, Mary Archard Latham moved to the community with her three sons—leaving her husband behind in Ohio—in 1888. She sought a better climate for her health and worked tirelessly for the health of all of Spokane’s citizens, but particularly women and children and especially the poor. She helped found the Spokane Humane Society and the Spokane Public Library, and she was beloved and respected in the community.

Then, in 1903, one of her sons died and she seemingly became unhinged. She would be seen wandering the streets, wailing and inconsolable, and her behavior became extremely erratic. In 1905, she was accused, arrested, and convicted of arson, then sentenced to four years of hard labor in the state penitentiary. She escaped into the forests of Idaho, where she hid from a massive manhunt for a week before being captured and sent to prison in Walla Walla. She eventually returned to Spokane a broken yet determined woman and died in 1917. Despite the tragic and violent events that characterized her later years, today Dr. Mary A. Latham is honored in Spokane for the good she did in the first part of her life. Mercy and Madness captures the captivating, outrageous, and sometimes-sorrowful life of Dr. Mary Archard Latham in her own words.