Le blogue prend une courte pause printanière.
Il sera de retour le 5 juin au matin.
jeudi 18 mai 2023
Pause printanière
Hôpitaux dans les communes de la Rhénanie de la fin du Moyen Âge
Lucy Barnhouse
Publisher : Amsterdam University Press (June 1, 2023)
Language : English
Hardcover : 282 pages
ISBN-13 : 978-9463720243
From the mid-twelfth century onwards, the development of European hospitals was shaped by their claim to the legal status of religious institutions, with its attendant privileges and responsibilities. The questions of whom hospitals should serve and why they should do so have recurred ― and been invested with moral weight ― in successive centuries, though similarities between medieval and modern debates on the subject have often been overlooked. Hospitals’ legal status as religious institutions could be tendentious and therefore had to be vigorously defended in order to protect hospitals’ resources. This status could also, however, be invoked to impose limits on who could serve in and be served by hospitals. As recent scholarship demonstrates, disputes over whom hospitals should serve, and how, find parallels in other periods of history and current debates.
Face à la douleur
Face à la douleur. Médecins, chercheurs et patients, 16e-21e siècle
Colloque du Comité pour l’histoire de l’Inserm
7 juin 2023
Amphithéâtre Molinié, Maison de la Recherche, Sorbonne Université
28 rue Serpente - Paris 6°
Pour John Bonica, reconnu comme l’un des pionniers de la médecine de la douleur, le soulagement de la douleur est la raison première de l’avènement du shaman, du guérisseur, puis du médecin et de tous les professionnels de santé. Dès les années 1950, ce médecin anesthésiste, professeur à l’Université de Washington à Seattle, considéra que la douleur était plus qu’un signal biologique alertant le patient d’un dysfonctionnement ou d’une pathologie. Il fallait considérer de nouveaux domaines, en particulier la douleur chronique[1].
Encore au tournant des années 1970-1980, on déplorait le retard accusé dans le domaine de la douleur comme champ de recherche biomédicale, alors que précisément les avancées en neurologie et biochimie promettaient une meilleure compréhension de ses mécanismes[2]. Toutefois, les réseaux scientifiques se structuraient. Fondée en 1974, l’International Association for the Study of Pain, réunion internationale et multidisciplinaire d’experts, proposa une définition de la douleur qui, régulièrement révisée, fit progressivement consensus auprès des autorités sanitaires : « la douleur est une expérience sensorielle ou émotionnelle désagréable, associée à une lésion tissulaire réelle ou potentielle ou décrite dans ces termes ». La douleur est ainsi subjective, elle relève des sens et de l’émotion.
La douleur est également devenue un objet d’histoire. Dans son ouvrage de référence, Roselyne Rey appréhende la douleur comme étant « par nature double, au croisement du biologique et du culturel ou du social »[3]. L’approche historienne de la douleur s’est affirmée plurielle. Inscrite dans le sillage de l’histoire des mentalités et des sensibilités, elle renseigne aussi l’histoire de la santé publique (Isabelle Baszanger[4]) et plus largement l’histoire politique (Keith Wailoo[5]). La douleur est au cœur du colloque singulier entre le médecin et le patient. Joanna Bourke propose alors d’appréhender la douleur comme une relation entre des processus physiologiques en négociation permanente avec des mondes sociaux. « In other words, pain is what people in the past said was painful » écrit-elle[6]. Les travaux récents renforcent cette approche culturelle (Raphaële Andrault, Ariane Bayle[7], Javier Moscoso[8]). Mais l’approche matérielle est encore trop peu approfondie : protocoles de mesure, techniques et produits visant à réduire la douleur devraient faire l’objet de nouvelles recherches en histoire. En la matière, la présente épidémie des opiacés peut profiter d’un éclairage historique sur les prescriptions des antidouleurs.
Le prochain colloque organisé par le Comité pour l’histoire de l’Inserm en collaboration avec Didier Bouhassira, neurologue spécialiste de la douleur, Inserm U987, en partenariat avec l’UMR SIRICE et Sorbonne Université, propose d’entrer dans cette histoire par la rencontre entre historiens, témoins et acteurs engagés dans la lutte et la recherche contre la douleur.
Le colloque éclairera trois pans principaux de l’histoire de la douleur en lien avec les évolutions de la recherche : 1) la construction de la médecine de la douleur 2) Les voies multiples de la prise en charge de la douleur 3) médecins et patients face à la douleur.
[1] John Bonica. Introduction, in Pain. New York, Raven Press, 1980.
[2] P. D. Wall. Editorial. Pain, 1975, n° 1: 1-2.
[3] Roselyne Rey. Histoire de la douleur, Éditions de la découverte, 2011, [1ère éd. 1993] : 5-13.
[4] Isabelle Baszanger. Douleur et médecine, la fin d’un oubli. Paris, Éditions du Seuil, 1995.
[5] Keith Wailoo. Pain: A Political History. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2014.
[6] Bourke, Joanna. The Story of Pain: From Prayer to Painkillers. Oxford, OUP, 2014 : 9.
[7] Raphaële Andrault, Ariane Bayle dir. La douleur de l’Autre, xvi-xviie siècle. Histoire, médecine et santé, n° 21, printemps 2022.
[8] Javier Moscoso. Histoire de la douleur. París, Les prairies ordinaires, 2015, trad. [1ère éd. 2011].
9h Ouverture
Olivier Forcade, Professeur Lettres-Sorbonne Université, directeur de la Maison de la Recherche et directeur-adjoint de l’UMR Sirice
Étienne Hirsch, Directeur de l’ITMO Neurosciences, Aviesan
Introduction
Pascal Griset, Professeur Lettres-Sorbonne Université, Président du Comité pour l’histoire de l’Inserm
9h20 Partie 1 : Structurer une « médecine de la douleur »
Présidence de session Michel Hamon, directeur de recherche honoraire à l'INSERM, Professeur émérite honoraire de neuropharmacologie à Sorbonne Université, membre correspondant de l'Académie nationale de médecine
Alain Serrie, chef de service de médecine de la douleur à l’Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, membre de l’Académie nationale de médecine et président-fondateur de l’ONG Douleurs sans frontières : le premier plan gouvernemental de lutte contre la douleur dans le cabinet de Bernard Kouchner »
Serge Perrot, PU-PH, Université de Paris Cité, Inserm U987 : « Les enjeux de l’enseignement de la médecine de la douleur, les années 2000 »
Radhouane Dallel, Professeur des Universités, Praticien-Hospitalier, Université Clermont Auvergne/CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Inserm U1107 : « Organisation de la recherche sur la douleur à l’Inserm depuis les années 1970 »
10h30 Pause
10h50 Partie 2 : Agir contre la douleur : diversité des approches et des pratiques
Présidence de session : Guy Simmonet, Professeur émérite, Université de Bordeaux, INCIA CNRS, UMR 5287
Marguerite Zimmer, chirurgien-dentiste retraitée, Faculté de chirurgie dentaire de Strasbourg : « Perfectionnements apportés à l’anesthésie chirurgicale grâce aux brevets d’invention (xixe siècle) »
Daniel Annequin, psychiatre, médecin de la douleur, anesthésiste, hôpital Trousseau, AP-HP : « Mon mentor, Stanislas Tomkiewicz (1925-2003), directeur de recherche INSERM »
Luis Garcia-Larrea, Centre for Neuroscience & Neurological Hospital Pain Centre Inserm U1028, Université Claude-Bernard, Lyon : « La douleur et son cerveau : de la nociception à la compassion »
Nicolas Authier, Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm 1107 - Neuro Dol, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Fondation Institut Analgesia : « Trajectoire de recherches sur la douleur : de la modélisation animale à la santé numérique »
12h30 Pause déjeuner
14h Partie 3 : Quels risques entre analgésie et addiction ?
Présidence de session : Muriel Le Roux, historienne au CNRS, directrice adjointe de l’Institut d’histoire moderne et contemporaine, CNRS, ENS, Panthéon Sorbonne, membre du Comité pour l’histoire de l’Inserm
Nadine Attal, UVSQ, Inserm U987, Hôpital Ambroise-Paré : « La recherche pharmacologique dans la prise en charge de la douleur, xix-xxie siècle »
Zoé Dubus, docteure en histoire, Aix-Marseille Université : « “Donner de la morphine est une cruauté”. Médecins français et morphinophobie au xxe siècle »
Jean Costentin, Professeur émérite de l’Université de Rouen, « Recherches contemporaines sur l’analgésie : des progrès importants sur les connaissances des médiateurs et de leurs mécanismes dans l’analgésie, mais pas de révolution depuis la morphine »
15h Pause
15h50 Partie 4 : Le rôle essentiel de la relation médecin-patient
Présidence session : Dominique Donnet-Kamel, ancienne responsable de la mission Associations de malades, Inserm, membre du Comité pour l’histoire de l’Inserm
Raphaële Andrault, CNRS ENS Lyon, « Le médecin de l’époque moderne face à la douleur : les mots du patient »
Marilène Vuille, docteure en sciences de la société, Institut des Humanités en médecine, Université de Lausanne : « Interpréter et traiter la douleur de l’accouchement, xix-xxe siècle »
Joséphine Eberhardt, docteure en sociologie, Cermes3 : « “J’ai mal docteur”. Déchiffrer et soigner la douleur en médecine générale »
Fanny Parent, Université de Fribourg, Laboratoire des Sciences Sociales du Politique de Toulouse : « Prendre en charge la douleur : une voie de légitimation pour les pratiques médicales de l’acupuncture en France ? »
Carole Robert, présidente de Fibromyalgie France : « 1998-2023 : du patient diagnostiqué au patient expert ».
17h30 Discours de clôture
Didier Bouhassira, neurologue, directeur de recherche à I’INSERM, U987 « Physiopathologie et pharmacologie clinique de la douleur ».
18h Fin du colloque
Inscription libre, sur réservation, dans la limite des places disponible. Remplir le formulaire en ligne
https://framaforms.org/colloque-face-a-la-douleur-medecins-chercheurs-et-patients-16-21e-sieclepublic-1682096467
Contact : Céline Paillette, secrétaire scientifique : celine.paillette@ext.inserm.fr
mercredi 17 mai 2023
La perception des rats en Europe
Call for applications
University of York
Department of History
Prof Mark Jenner
Wednesday, June 14, 2023
York United Kingdom Archaeology British And Irish History European History History History Of Science History & Archaeology Social History
About the Project
Applications are invited for a fully funded 3-year PhD programme at the University of York on perceptions of and responses to rats in one or more North-Western European countries between c.1650 and c.1850. Our preferred geographical focus is England and the Netherlands. The project will be supervised Prof. Mark Jenner in the History Department with secondary supervision by Dr David Orton (Archaeology).
The studentship is part of Rattus: Rats and the Archaeology of Trade, Urbanism, and Disease in Past European Societies, a 5-year project funded by the UKRI Frontier Research Guarantee scheme (formerly the European Research Council). This involves partners at (Canada) the University of Leicester and the Departments of History and Biology at York and examines the links between European rat populations and human societies over the past c.2500 years. See Ratttas Project site: https://sites.google.com/york.ac.uk/rattus/.
It is generally accepted that between the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries the European rat population was transformed by the spread of the brown rat (Rattus Norvegicus) which supplanted the black rat (Rattus Rattus). However, we have little understanding of this process and know very little about how this change intersected with evolving attitudes to animals, pests and vermin and with shifting notions and practices of cleanliness and environmental hygiene. Nor it is clear how far reports of rodent behaviour were shaped by cultural languages around the “invasion” of new species. Drawing upon diverse textual sources, which may include natural histories, newspapers, advertising, the records of urban government, dock and warehouse authorities, agricultural advice literature, visual culture and the evidence of the built environment, the student will explore aspects of these themes. The project is designed to allow the student to follow their particular interests.
The student will be able to work with colleagues in the History Department, the Centre for Renaissance and Early Modern Studies and the Centre for Eighteenth-Century Studies but also with archaeologists examining these questions over the longue duree.
The position will suit students with a background in history, history of science, animal studies, or any other appropriate subject within the social sciences and humanities. Applicants will possess an MA in a relevant field or equivalent experience.
Start Date: 1 October 2023 (though a start on 1 January 2024 is possible).
Médiatiser et déstigmatiser la folie dans la seconde moitié du XXe siècle
The ‘cause of the mentally ill’: Mediatisating and destigmatising madness in the second half of the 20th century
Call for papers
For the French version of the call, see below
This international conference aims to bring together multiple perspectives on the way in which madness and its forms of care were mediatised and discussed in the public arena in a context marked, in France as in other European countries, by profound transformations in the field of psychiatry and mental health policies.
Based on the observation that the media – press, radio, television – gave increasing prominence to mental health issues in the decades following the Second World War/WW2, the conference “Mediatising and destigmatising madness” will be an opportunity to shed light on the means used to raise awareness, among a wider audience, of mental pathologies and of the conditions under which they are treated, against the tenacious prejudices fed by sensational reports or by fictional works which, while they sometimes acknowledge an aesthetic dimension to madness, also convey a number of negative representations and stereotypes.
The challenge will also be to identify the actors of this media coverage: psychiatric professionals, politicians, journalists, photographers, reporters and documentary filmmakers, producers and directors, but also of associations of patients’ families or patients, who are sometimes led to form paradoxical alliances in order to advance “the cause of the mentally ill”. This implies, in addition to reforming the psychiatric institution and promoting new approaches and new treatments, awakening consciences by once again posing the issue of the rights and the dignity of individuals caught up in processes of stigmatization, marginalization or even disaffiliation from which it seems impossible to extricate themselves.
The objective is to analyse (1) the conditions for producing these media objects (radio or TV broadcasts, reports, interviews, testimonies, articles, professional films, conference cycles, etc.), which very often involve entering an institution with a sometimes undeserved reputation for being particularly closed, (2) their reception and impact, as well as (3) the procedures, devices and formats used to act on the representations of madness that are identified as a hindrance to the implementation of mental health policies.
Although the chronological framework chosen is that of the three decades following the end of WW2, presentations that propose a longer-term narrative or whose subject matter lies within or beyond these chronological boundaries will also be taken into consideration. In order to complete, contrast and clarify the French framework, papers on other European countries will also be welcome.
The conference will take place on the 20th et 21st of September 2023 in Strasbourg. Please send a 500-word abstract and a short CV to Marianna Scarfone (mscarfone@unistra.fr) by June 15th 2023.
Ce colloque international se propose de réunir des perspectives multiples autour de la façon dont la folie et ses formes de prise en charge ont été médiatisées et discutées dans l’arène publique dans un contexte marqué, en France comme dans d’autres pays d’Europe, par de profondes transformations du champ de la psychiatrie et des politiques de santé mentale.
Partant du constat que, dans les décennies qui suivent la Seconde Guerre mondiale, les médias – presse, radio, télévision – accordent une place croissante aux questions de santé mentale, le colloque Médiatiser et déstigmatiser la folie sera l’occasion de mettre au jour les moyens et les canaux mobilisés pour sensibiliser un large public aux pathologies mentales et à leurs manifestations et plus largement aux conditions de leur prise en charge, à rebours de préjugés tenaces alimentés par des faits divers traités sur un mode sensationnel ou par des œuvres fictionnelles qui, si elles reconnaissent parfois une dimension esthétique à la folie, véhiculent également nombre de représentations négatives et de stéréotypes.
L’enjeu sera également d’identifier les acteurs de cette entreprise de médiatisation portée par des professionnels de la psychiatrie, des politiques, des journalistes, des photographes, des reporters et des documentaristes, des producteurs et des réalisateurs mais aussi par des associations de familles de malades ou de malades, amenés parfois à nouer des alliances paradoxales afin de faire progresser « la cause des malades mentaux ». Celle-ci supposant, outre de réformer l’institution psychiatrique et de promouvoir de nouvelles approches et de nouveaux traitements, de réveiller les consciences en posant à nouveaux frais, dans une approche éthique, la question des droits et de la dignité d’individus pris dans des processus de stigmatisation, de marginalisation voire de désaffiliation dont il parait impossible de les extraire.
Il s’agira d’interroger les conditions de réalisation de ces objets médiatiques (émissions de radio ou de TV, reportages, interviews, témoignages, articles, films professionnels, cycles de conférence, etc.) qui supposent bien souvent de pénétrer à l’intérieur d’une institution réputée particulièrement fermée qui commence toutefois à s’ouvrir. Leur réception voire leurs retombées feront aussi l’objet d’une analyse approfondie, de même que les procédés, les dispositifs et les formats privilégiés pour agir sur les représentations de la folie identifiées comme un frein à la mise en œuvre de toute politique de santé mentale.
Si le cadre chronologique retenu est celui des Trente Glorieuses, les présentations qui proposeraient un récit de plus longue durée ou dont l’objet se situerait en-deçà ou au-delà de ces bornes chronologiques, seront également prises en considération. Afin d’éclairer et de compléter le contexte français, des communications portant sur d’autres pays européens seront également les bienvenues.
Le colloque aura lieu le 20 et 21 septembre 2023 à Strasbourg.
Les propositions de communications – de 500 mots maximum et accompagnées d’une brève présentation de l’auteur/autrice – sont à envoyer avant le 15 juin 2023 à Marianna Scarfone (mscarfone@unistra.fr).
mardi 16 mai 2023
Meurtre et folie dans la Bologne moderne
Mònica Calabritto
Publisher : Penn State University Press (May 30, 2023)
Language : English
Hardcover : 164 pages
ISBN-13 : 978-0271095080
On October 24, 1588, Paolo Barbieri murdered his wife, Isabella Caccianemici, stabbing her to death with his sword. Later, Paolo would claim to have acted in a fit of madness―but was he criminally insane or merely pretending to be? In this riveting book, Mònica Calabritto addresses this controversy by reconstructing Paolo’s life, prosecution, and medical diagnoses.
Skillfully combining archival documents unearthed throughout Italy, Calabritto brings to light the case of one person and his family as insanity ravaged their financial security, honor, and reputation. The very notion of insanity is as much on trial in Paolo’s case as the defendant himself. A case study in the diagnosis of insanity in the early modern era, Barbieri’s story reveals discrepancies between medical and legal definitions of a person’s mental state at the time of a crime. Murder and Madness on Trial bridges the micro-historical dimensions of Paolo’s murder case and the macro-historical perspectives on medical and legal evidence used to identify intermittent madness.
A tragic and gripping tale, Murder and Madness on Trial allows readers to look “through a glass darkly” at early modern violence, madness, criminal justice, medical and legal expertise, and the construction and circulation of news. This erudite and engaging book will appeal to early modern historians and true crime fans alike.
Revisiter la critique féministe de la médicalisation
The embodiment of gender and 'women's health': revisiting the feminist critique of medicalization
Call for papers
4S 2023, Honolulu, November 8-11
This panel will address the gendered shaping of bodily experiences in the field of health. We are looking for contributions that question the dynamic relationship between the lived experience of bodies and minds, medicine, and feminist critique. The papers should foster exchanges aimed toward the renewal of the feminist critique of the medicalization of women's bodies. The second wave of feminist movements challenged the medicalization of the female body and the role of health professionals in the oppression of women (e.g. Chesler 1972; Ehrenreich and English 1974). Their critique pointed out pathologizing theories about menstruations, menopause, and hormones. They denounced the lack of scientific evidence and the medicalization of female physiology. We will consider any paper that discusses feminist perspectives on the embodiment of gender, but we invite especially papers that reexamine this feminist approach by considering contemporary claims about menstrual health, menopause, or other issues traditionally linked with female bodies. Papers can discuss technologies of menstrual tracking or other technologies participating to the production of the female body experience. They can explore political collectives or other forms of collective actions claiming to advance women's health or to fight medicalization of the female body. The panel offers a space for discussion on rediscovered, renewed, or reiterated feminist perspectives that criticize the medical construction of knowledge on gendered experiences (e.g. menstruation, menopause or pregnancy). The contributions will allow us to reflect on diverse feminist approaches of gender embodiment and different strategies of resistance against medicalization.
Contact: pache.stephanie@uqam.ca
Keywords: Feminist STS, Information, Computing and Media Technology, Medicine and Healthcare, gender; theories of embodiment; psy sciences; menstrual cycle application; period tracking; medical advice; self-help
Les résumés de 250 mots sont à soumettre sur la plateforme de la conférence d’ici le 26 mai 2023 : https://members.4sonline.org/members/proposals/propselect.php?orgcode=4S&prid=1293777
lundi 15 mai 2023
Atlas historique des épidémies
Guillaume Lachenal, Gaëtan Thomas
Cartographe : Fabrice Le Goff
À paraître le 24/05/2023
Genre : Histoire 96 pages - 170 x 245 mm
Reliure intégra
ISBN : 9782746763173
Les grandes épidémies ponctuent l’histoire du monde. En replaçant chaque événement dans son contexte, cet atlas restitue la complexité des interactions et interdépendances entre l’homme et le milieu naturel :
• Remonter le temps : des épidémies de rougeole et variole du Néolithique jusqu’à la pandémie de Covid-19 des années 2020.
• Représenter : cartes, graphiques et schémas mettent en évidence la propagation de l’épidémie et permettent qu’elle soit comprise, contrôlée, gérée.
• Lutter : les mesures de surveillance et les stratégies de lutte mises en place.
• Confiner et enfermer : sanatoriums, léproseries… des lieux pensés pour contenir les épidémies, mais où on apprend à côtoyer la maladie.
• Localiser : les lieux privilégiés pour le développement des maladies, et les liens entre milieu naturel, virus, plantes, animaux et humains.
Près de 100 cartes, infographies et documents, archives ou inédits, offrent des réponses pour la gestion des futures épidémies.
La prochaine séance de la Société Française d’Histoire de la Médecine
La prochaine séance de la Société Française d’Histoire de la Médecine
VENDREDI 19 MAI 2023 à 14 heures
dans la salle de conférence (3ème étage) de l’Académie Nationale de Médecine 16, rue Bonaparte 75006 Paris. Un lien zoom pour une visioconférence vous sera envoyé.
Séance habituelle : informations générales, présentation et élection des candidats, présentation d’ouvrages.
Conférence invitée (60 min)
Jacques MONET
De la Kinésithérapie à la Physiothérapie, de la fin du XIXe siècle au début du XXe siècle
Communications (20 min)
Françoise BONNET
L’American Memorial Hospital de Reims : un monument commémoratif pour les soldats américains morts en France pendant la Première Guerre mondiale et un hôpital dédié aux enfants
Sauveur BOUKRIS
Les multiples facettes de la personnalité de Jean Martin Charcot
Prochaine séance : le samedi 16 septembre 2023 à Leiden (Leyde) aux Pays-Bas
Secrétariat général :
Dr Jacques CHEVALLIER, 15 rue Guilloud, 69003 LYON, secretariat.sfhm@gmail.com
Propositions de communications et organisation des séances :
Dr Jean-François HUTIN, 2, rue de Neufchâtel, 51100 REIMS jfhutin@wanadoo.fr ou comite.de.lecture.sfhm@gmail.com
dimanche 14 mai 2023
Histoire de la médecine et des médecins dans la Chine du XXe siècle
Demi-journée d'étude
Vous êtes invités à participer à une demi-journée du Centre de SPHERE intitulé Center for a History of Philosophy and Science seen from Asia, Africa, etc (CHPSAA), le 15 mai de 14h30 à 18h00, salle 569 (5è étage) bâtiment Olympes de Gouges, Université Paris Cité, 8 Rue Albert Einstein Paris 75013.
Si vous ne pouvez pas être présent mais désirez tout de même y participer, ce sera possible par zoom. Envoyez un message à kellera@univ-paris-diderot.fr avec le sujet 15-05-23.
La session sera consacrée à :
(org. F. Bretelle-Establet, K. Chemla)
Commentateur: Sean Hsianglin Lei (Academia Sinica, Taiwan et professeur invité à l’Université Paris Cité)
Interventions:
Jean Corbi (PhD candidate Sciences PO)
Title: “Student or follower? The transmission of Chinese medicine in Republican Sichuan”
Abstract: The licensing of Chinese-style physicians from 1936 onwards contributed to the institutionalization of the teaching of Chinese medicine by encouraging the development of school-based education on the model of Western medicine. These schools were intended to standardize and ‘scientize’ traditional medical knowledge. Nevertheless, the reality of teaching often seems far removed from the slogans calling for the modernization of Chinese medicine. Moreover, the licensing process generated numerous sources that shed a new light on the practitioners. They reveal that the multiplication of schools did not replace older modes of transmission of medical knowledge. If transmission between members of the same family (jia chuan) loses legitimacy, transmission from a master to a pupil (shi chuan) carried on and adapted to meet the new standards put forward by the State.
Wenbo Liang (PhD candidate SPHERE)
Title: Making "Acupuncture anesthesia" the paradigm for the "integration of Chinese and Western medicine " during China’s Cultural Revolution (1966-1976)
Abstract: Acupuncture anesthesia [针刺麻醉] (the application of acupuncture as the primary method of anesthesia in surgery) is undoubtedly one of the most influential events in the history of Chinese and Western medical exchange. This technique was first created in China during the 1950s, and was largely promoted during the Cultural revolution. Until 1979, more than 2,000,000 surgeries were performed under acupuncture anesthesia. Meanwhile, through a series of diplomatic events, acupuncture anesthesia significantly promoted international interest and attention in acupuncture. This technique was thus described as “a magnificent example of the integration of Chinese and Western medicine” [中西医结合的光辉范例] in the 1970s. Nevertheless, this technique gradually fell into disfavor in the 1980s. This episode of history led us to re-examine how politics and medicine, Chinese and Western medicine, were intertwined during the Cultural Revolution, and how the researchers developed a holistic view of pain, in an effort to advance a line of research that was "both Chinese and Western".
La langue de travail sera l’anglais pour les deux interventions et leur commentaire.
samedi 13 mai 2023
vendredi 12 mai 2023
Une histoire médicale de la Révolution américaine
Martin R. Howard
Publisher : Naval Inst Pr (May 15, 2023)
Language : English
Hardcover : 272 pages
ISBN-10 : 1399084828
ISBN-13 : 978-1399084826
The American Revolutionary War, fought two hundred fifty years ago between Britain's North American colonies and the British colonial government, was a conflict of global significance. It had a profound influence on the history of the United States, Britain, and the wider world, and an enormous body of literature has been devoted to the subject. Yet there is no comprehensive account of the military medicine practiced during the war, which is why this thorough, graphic, and highly readable study by Martin Howard is so timely and valuable. His account describes the medical story of the War between Lexington and Yorktown in absorbing detail. He covers the key military events, the medicine and surgery of the period, and the medical departments of the opposing armies. The narrative is enriched by the vivid eyewitness testimonies of soldiers, doctors, and civilians. Previously neglected topics such as biological warfare and the impact of disease on black soldiers and the Native American population are explored. The human toll of epidemic disease had a significant impact on the outcome of the war and vital lessons were learned. The war was associated with improvements in military medicine and the professionalization of American medicine. Martin Howard's ambitious work will be stimulating reading for all students of the American Revolutionary War, particularly those with a special interest in the history of medicine.
jeudi 11 mai 2023
Une histoire du LSD à New York
Psychedelic New York: A History of LSD in the City
Chris Elcock
Publisher : McGill-Queen's University Press (May 15, 2023)
Language : English
Hardcover : 280 pages
ISBN-10 : 0228016711
ISBN-13 : 978-0228016717
As LSD moves towards the medical mainstream, it continues to evoke powerful memories of the psychedelic sixties and west coast counterculture. In this lively account, Chris Elcock follows a different branch of psychedelic history – one that is sprawling, layered, and centred on New York City. A major hub for the production and consumption of LSD and other hallucinogenic drugs, New York spawned a unique psychedelic culture that reverberated through the city, from psychoanalytic circles to artists’ studios, Greenwich Village to Central Park. Based on years of archival research, interviews with former acid heads, and a range of cultural artifacts, Psychedelic New York shows how the postwar city was at the forefront of LSD medical research, the burgeoning of psychedelic art, drug-accompanied spiritual seeking, and a proliferation of drug subcultures. Elcock recounts stories of New Yorkers such as Holocaust survivor Nina Graboi and artist Isaac Abrams, whose lives were dramatically altered by their psychedelic experiences, while offering new insights into Timothy Leary’s role in turning on the city with psilocybin.Enlivened by personal stories and rooted in thoughtful analysis, Psychedelic New York is a multifaceted history of LSD and the urban psychedelic experience.
mercredi 10 mai 2023
La bataille contre la polio
Hannah Wunsch
Publisher : Greystone Books (May 9, 2023)
Language : English
Hardcover : 360 pages
ISBN-10 : 1771649453
ISBN-13 : 978-1771649452
Americans knew polio as the "summer plague." In countries further North, however, the virus arrived later in the year, slipping into the homes of healthy children as the summer waned and the equinox approached. It was described by one writer as "the autumn ghost."
Intensive care units and mechanical ventilation are the crucial foundation of modern medical care: without them, the appalling death toll of the COVID-19 pandemic would be even higher. In The Autumn Ghost, Dr. Hannah Wunsch traces the origins of these two innovations back to a polio epidemic in the autumn of 1952. Drawing together compelling testimony from doctors, nurses, medical students, and patients, Wunsch relates a gripping tale of an epidemic that changed the world.
In vivid, captivating chapters, Wunsch tells the dramatic true story of how insiders and iconoclasts came together in one overwhelmed hospital in Copenhagen to save the lives of many polio patients dying of respiratory failure. Their radical advances in care marked a turning point in the treatment of patients around the world—from the rise of life support and the creation of intensive care units to the evolution of rehabilitation medicine.
Moving and informative, The Autumn Ghost will leave readers in awe of the courage of those who battled the polio epidemic, and grateful for the modern medical care they pioneered.
Faim et alimentation dans l'histoire des pays du Sud
Hunger and Food in the History of the Global South (long 20th century)
Call for Papers
Guest Editors:
Rômulo de Paula Andrade (FIOCRUZ, Brasil)
Stefan Pohl-Valero (Universidad del Rosario, Colombia)
This special issue will be published in the journal Estudos Históricos (Qualis A1 / Scopus Q1) by the end of 2024.
Hunger and malnutrition have ceased to be complementary topics in history books and have become central objects of study. Changes in eating habits and the contexts surrounding them involve the correlation of numerous factors, which in recent decades have begun to attract the attention of historians and social scientists. This special issue aims to bring together articles that address the complex relationships between food, health, and environment over the last century in Latin America and the Global South. We want to focus on the processes of production, circulation, appropriation and application of knowledge and scientific instruments to understand and intervene in the problems related to these issues. From agricultural experimentation, promotion and extension to nutritional research and education and food control and assistance, various experts, institutions, and organizations (national and international) have tried to intervene in the way food is produced, distributed, and consumed. Knowledge and procedures from the health and nutrition sciences, agricultural sciences and social sciences have been mobilized in an interconnected manner in projects to combat hunger, infant mortality, and deficiency diseases, and in efforts to transform the eating habits and cultivation practices of the urban and rural poor and indigenous communities.
Since the end of the 19th century, and in contexts of incipient consolidation of nation-states in Latin America and new imperialisms in Africa and Asia, these processes of understanding and intervening in the food system of local populations have begun to gain greater scientific and political interest. The two World Wars, the processes of decolonization and international promotion of economic development, the Cold War and the rapid demographic growth of poor countries, and various food crises, are some of the geopolitical and environmental factors, which together with new scientific and technological developments related to food, catapulted the conception that hunger and malnutrition were global problems that required more decisive and multisectoral interventions.
Although there is a growing body of historical work that has analyzed some of the major international and philanthropic organizations involved in these processes throughout the 20th century (League of Nations, International Labor Organization, WHO, FAO, UNICEF, Rockefeller Foundation, etc. ) there is still little research that pays real attention to the role of local experts and institutions in the global South in the ways in which food problems are conceived and addressed, to the effective functioning of the policies and programs deployed, and to the experiences and agency of both the field workers involved and the communities intervened.
Without exhausting the type of inquiries we wish to explore, some of the questions this special issue sets out to answer are:
· In what ways did experts and institutions in the Global South construct, circulate, appropriate, and negotiate ideas and strategies for understanding and intervening on issues of population control, food, diet, and poverty?
· What role has social science played in the processes of studying and "modernizing" the food habits of traditional communities and indigenous peoples in the Global South?
· In what historical contexts has the fight against hunger and food insecurity come to be seen as the responsibility of nation states of the Global South and the object of public policy?
· How have philanthropy and charity acted in different contexts in the fight against infant mortality, poverty assistance and food distribution?
· How have hunger and poverty been constituted as important elements for social movements, popular mobilizations, and non-governmental organizations in the Global South?
· What have been the official intentions and/or social demands upon which popular restaurants, school canteens and gardens, and other food assistance institutions in the Global South have been structured?
· To what extent were the logics and strategies for dealing with food issues transformed, re-signified, and/or resisted by the field workers involved in the actual deployment of the campaigns and by the communities intervened?
Interested authors should submit a 300-word abstract and a short bio (max. 2 pages) by e-mail to the guest editors of this special issue (contact below). Abstract and bio can be written in Portuguese, English or Spanish.
Abstracts will be accepted until May 15, 2023. Decisions will be communicated by May 31.
We aim for a special issue of 8-10 original articles, preceded by an introduction by the editors.
Manuscript submissions are due between February 1, 2024 and May 1, 2024 via the journal’s portal. Please, follow the journal’s Guidelines for Authors. The journal accepts manuscripts written in Portuguese, English or Spanish.
Guest editors’ mail: romulo.andrade@fiocruz.br; stefan.pohl@urosario.edu.co
Call for Papers
Guest Editors:
Rômulo de Paula Andrade (FIOCRUZ, Brasil)
Stefan Pohl-Valero (Universidad del Rosario, Colombia)
This special issue will be published in the journal Estudos Históricos (Qualis A1 / Scopus Q1) by the end of 2024.
Hunger and malnutrition have ceased to be complementary topics in history books and have become central objects of study. Changes in eating habits and the contexts surrounding them involve the correlation of numerous factors, which in recent decades have begun to attract the attention of historians and social scientists. This special issue aims to bring together articles that address the complex relationships between food, health, and environment over the last century in Latin America and the Global South. We want to focus on the processes of production, circulation, appropriation and application of knowledge and scientific instruments to understand and intervene in the problems related to these issues. From agricultural experimentation, promotion and extension to nutritional research and education and food control and assistance, various experts, institutions, and organizations (national and international) have tried to intervene in the way food is produced, distributed, and consumed. Knowledge and procedures from the health and nutrition sciences, agricultural sciences and social sciences have been mobilized in an interconnected manner in projects to combat hunger, infant mortality, and deficiency diseases, and in efforts to transform the eating habits and cultivation practices of the urban and rural poor and indigenous communities.
Since the end of the 19th century, and in contexts of incipient consolidation of nation-states in Latin America and new imperialisms in Africa and Asia, these processes of understanding and intervening in the food system of local populations have begun to gain greater scientific and political interest. The two World Wars, the processes of decolonization and international promotion of economic development, the Cold War and the rapid demographic growth of poor countries, and various food crises, are some of the geopolitical and environmental factors, which together with new scientific and technological developments related to food, catapulted the conception that hunger and malnutrition were global problems that required more decisive and multisectoral interventions.
Although there is a growing body of historical work that has analyzed some of the major international and philanthropic organizations involved in these processes throughout the 20th century (League of Nations, International Labor Organization, WHO, FAO, UNICEF, Rockefeller Foundation, etc. ) there is still little research that pays real attention to the role of local experts and institutions in the global South in the ways in which food problems are conceived and addressed, to the effective functioning of the policies and programs deployed, and to the experiences and agency of both the field workers involved and the communities intervened.
Without exhausting the type of inquiries we wish to explore, some of the questions this special issue sets out to answer are:
· In what ways did experts and institutions in the Global South construct, circulate, appropriate, and negotiate ideas and strategies for understanding and intervening on issues of population control, food, diet, and poverty?
· What role has social science played in the processes of studying and "modernizing" the food habits of traditional communities and indigenous peoples in the Global South?
· In what historical contexts has the fight against hunger and food insecurity come to be seen as the responsibility of nation states of the Global South and the object of public policy?
· How have philanthropy and charity acted in different contexts in the fight against infant mortality, poverty assistance and food distribution?
· How have hunger and poverty been constituted as important elements for social movements, popular mobilizations, and non-governmental organizations in the Global South?
· What have been the official intentions and/or social demands upon which popular restaurants, school canteens and gardens, and other food assistance institutions in the Global South have been structured?
· To what extent were the logics and strategies for dealing with food issues transformed, re-signified, and/or resisted by the field workers involved in the actual deployment of the campaigns and by the communities intervened?
Interested authors should submit a 300-word abstract and a short bio (max. 2 pages) by e-mail to the guest editors of this special issue (contact below). Abstract and bio can be written in Portuguese, English or Spanish.
Abstracts will be accepted until May 15, 2023. Decisions will be communicated by May 31.
We aim for a special issue of 8-10 original articles, preceded by an introduction by the editors.
Manuscript submissions are due between February 1, 2024 and May 1, 2024 via the journal’s portal. Please, follow the journal’s Guidelines for Authors. The journal accepts manuscripts written in Portuguese, English or Spanish.
Guest editors’ mail: romulo.andrade@fiocruz.br; stefan.pohl@urosario.edu.co
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