Le genre des célibats
Avec le soutien financier de la Cité du Genre, IdEx Université de Paris, ANR-18-IDEX-0001
Colloque organisé par Juliette Eyméoud (EHESS) et Claire-Lise Gaillard (Paris 1, CRHXIX)
Si la question du célibat apparaît en filigrane dans les travaux liés au mariage et à la vie familiale et conjugale, ce colloque lui donnera la première place. Refusant une définition en négatif de l’alliance, définition qui passe forcément à côté de toutes les nuances et complexités du célibat, ces deux journées pluridisciplinaires seront l’occasion de bâtir un outillage théorique commun.
L’historiographie anglosaxonne s’est intéressée de longue date aux célibataires, du Moyen-Age à l’époque contemporaine, toutes classes sociales confondues, hommes comme femmes (Amy M. Froide, John G. MacCurdy). En France, c’est le courant de l’histoire des femmes qui a majoritairement orienté la recherche sur le célibat (Arlette Farge, Cécile Dauphin). Ce dernier a donc fait l’objet d’études portées sur les XIX e et XX e siècles et a quelque peu délaissé le célibat masculin. L’histoire religieuse s’est en revanche penchée sur ce thème, dans une approche à la fois théologique (Nicole Grévy-Pons) et sociale (Myriam Deniel-Ternant, Cindy-Sarah Dumortier). Le célibat est pris dans un ensemble de représentations forgées par notre modernité occidentale qui a fait du couple le modèle normatif. Les sociologues, en allant à la rencontre des célibataires, ont témoigné de leur triste solitude, des difficultés économiques et des stigmates sociaux qui peuvent accompagner cette condition (Pierre Bourdieu, Marie Bergström, Françoise Courtel et Géraldine Vivier). En créant le dialogue entre les disciplines, entre les périodes historiques et les aires culturelles, ce colloque souhaite montrer la pluralité des situations de célibat. Une confrontation des célibats féminins et masculins devrait également permettre de sortir des stéréotypes du vieux garçon et de la vieille fille.
Axes envisagés
1. Définitions et typologie du célibat : un célibat, des célibats ?
Ce premier axe visera à définir l’objet « célibat » en évitant l’écueil de la définition en négatif. Il faudra s’attacher à identifier la construction historique du célibat comme catégorie juridique, sociale et littéraire. Les dimensions institutionnelles et juridiques en seront un point de départ.
Les communications seront amenées à dresser une typologie des célibats en distinguant plusieurs variables. On isolera par exemple le célibat temporaire dans l’attente d’un mariage, du célibat de circonstance lié à une activité professionnelle, ou encore du célibat définitif et systémique.
Il faudra également redessiner les frontières poreuses du célibat avec le veuvage, la prostitution, le divorce, la jeunesse et la sexualité prénuptiale.
Les variations de genre face aux différents célibats formeront un angle important de notre approche. Le dialogue transdisciplinaire et la confrontation des différents outils méthodologiques devraient permettre d’interroger les définitions possibles du célibat.
2. Vivre le célibat au sein des structures sociales et familiales
Ce deuxième axe étudiera le célibat à hauteur des trajectoires individuelles au sein des structures familiales. La place des célibataires dans ces structures doit, là encore, se décliner au pluriel car la valeur accordée au couple et les logiques d’alliance varient selon les aires culturelles et les périodes historiques.
Le célibat selon qu’il est subi, accepté ou revendiqué façonne différemment les vies des hommes et des femmes. Le célibat structure-t-il plus ou moins profondément la vie sociale, professionnelle ou familiale selon le genre et l’âge des individus ? Intériorisation, rejet ou stratégies de contournement, quelles marges les célibataires ont-ils/elles face aux normes et stéréotypes qui pèsent sur eux/elles ?
3. Intimité, sexualité, vie affective des célibataires
Le troisième axe s’intéressera aux intimités célibataires. Le célibat peut être considéré comme une variable pour étudier les sexualités et vécus affectifs des individus, des relations individuelles aux amitiés collectives. C’est en somme l’ensemble du régime d’intimités du célibat qui pourra être étudié.
Le regard médical sur le corps des hommes et femmes célibataires pourra faire l’objet d’une attention particulière. Nous espérons également entrer en dialogue avec les recherches en psychanalyse et en psychologie.
Modalités de soumission
Un projet de communication, clairement rattaché à l’un des trois axes, et qui ne dépasse pas 3000 caractères ;
Une courte notice biographique (discipline et champs de recherches, publications).
Le tout est à envoyer avant le 1er mars 2021, aux adresses suivantes :
eymeoudjuliette@gmail.com
claire.lise.gaillard@gmail.com
Le colloque se tiendra sur deux jours, à Paris, en septembre ou octobre 2021. Etant tributaires des circonstances sanitaires, nous attendons d’en savoir plus pour fixer un lieu et une date précise.
English version
Call for Proposals – Conference « The gender of singlehood »
With financial support of « Cité du Genre, IdEx Université de Paris, ANR-18-IDEX-0001 »
Organized by Juliette Eyméoud (EHESS) et Claire-Lise Gaillard (Paris 1, CRHXIX)
If singlehood appears implicitly in many research related to marriage or family and conjugal life, it has rarely been considered as a main topic. This conference’s goal is to put singlehood in the spotlight. To do so we must question the very definition of this word and its multiple interpretations and meanings according to academic fields, historical periods, or cultural areas.
English and American historiographies have long been interested in the subject. Singlemen and furthermore singlewomen, from medieval times to the modern era, belonging to different social classes, have been written about (Amy M. Froide, John McCurdy). In France, the first research about singlehood has been led by historians working on Women’s History, mostly linked to the 19th and 20th centuries (Arlette Farge, Cécile Dauphin). Other eras as well as the other sex have been neglected, except for priestly celibacy which has been studied from a theological point of view (Nicole Grévy-Pons) and from a social/judicial approach (Myriam Deniel-Ternant, Cindy-Sarah Dumortier).
Singlehood is caught in a set of representations forged by our Western modernity, which has made the couple the normative model. Sociologists have met singlemen/women and have testified to their loneliness, sadness, economic difficulties, and social stigmas created by their status (Pierre Bourdieu, Marie Bergström, Françoise Courtel, Géraldine Vivier).
This conference intends to build a dialogue between several academic fields, historical timelines and cultural areas in order to evaluate the multiple situations of singlehood. To take a step back from the stereotypes of the old maid and the old bachelor, it will also be necessary to conduct a study of gender differences or similarities.
Lines of questioning
1- Defining and classifying singlehood
This first line wants to draw attention on the fact that we usually define singlehood by opposition to marital life, which is far from enough. The contributions shall study the historical building up of singlehood as a judicial, social, and literary category.
A classification could appear to show many forms of singlehood according to some variables. For example, a difference can be drawn between life-cycle and life-long singlehood (the first mostly linked to young age or special circumstances, the second due to a system).
In order to define singlehood, some contributions could study the margins of it: widowhood, prostitution, divorce, prenuptial sexuality…
2- To be single within social and family structures
The second line will question singlehood across individual pathways and within family structures. These structures must be questioned as the couple and matrimonial logics vary according to cultural areas and historical periods.
At individual height, singlehood can be undergone, suffered, or accepted and even claimed. Are there significant differences between men and women? Does singlehood impact differently on social, professional, and family life depending on gender or age? What possible strategies of internalization, reject or workaround can be set up to face the stereotypes and social stigmas?
3- Intimacy, sexuality, and emotional life of singlemen and singlewomen
This third line will study singlemen and singlewomen intimacies, their sexualities as well as their emotional lives (notably friendships or non-biological kinship as a substitute to family structures).
Medical and psychological views on singlemen/women’s bodies and minds would be greatly appreciated.
How to submit proposals
– A text clearly related to one of the three lines and not exceeding 800 words,
– A short biographical presentation (academic field, research interests, publications).
The proposal must be sent before March 1st 2021, to:
eymeoudjuliette@gmail.com
claire.lise.gaillard@gmail.com
The conference will be held over two days, in Paris, in September or October 2021. Being dependent on sanitary circumstances, we are waiting to know more to fix a place and a precise date.
Call for Proposals – Conference « The gender of singlehood »
With financial support of « Cité du Genre, IdEx Université de Paris, ANR-18-IDEX-0001 »
Organized by Juliette Eyméoud (EHESS) et Claire-Lise Gaillard (Paris 1, CRHXIX)
If singlehood appears implicitly in many research related to marriage or family and conjugal life, it has rarely been considered as a main topic. This conference’s goal is to put singlehood in the spotlight. To do so we must question the very definition of this word and its multiple interpretations and meanings according to academic fields, historical periods, or cultural areas.
English and American historiographies have long been interested in the subject. Singlemen and furthermore singlewomen, from medieval times to the modern era, belonging to different social classes, have been written about (Amy M. Froide, John McCurdy). In France, the first research about singlehood has been led by historians working on Women’s History, mostly linked to the 19th and 20th centuries (Arlette Farge, Cécile Dauphin). Other eras as well as the other sex have been neglected, except for priestly celibacy which has been studied from a theological point of view (Nicole Grévy-Pons) and from a social/judicial approach (Myriam Deniel-Ternant, Cindy-Sarah Dumortier).
Singlehood is caught in a set of representations forged by our Western modernity, which has made the couple the normative model. Sociologists have met singlemen/women and have testified to their loneliness, sadness, economic difficulties, and social stigmas created by their status (Pierre Bourdieu, Marie Bergström, Françoise Courtel, Géraldine Vivier).
This conference intends to build a dialogue between several academic fields, historical timelines and cultural areas in order to evaluate the multiple situations of singlehood. To take a step back from the stereotypes of the old maid and the old bachelor, it will also be necessary to conduct a study of gender differences or similarities.
Lines of questioning
1- Defining and classifying singlehood
This first line wants to draw attention on the fact that we usually define singlehood by opposition to marital life, which is far from enough. The contributions shall study the historical building up of singlehood as a judicial, social, and literary category.
A classification could appear to show many forms of singlehood according to some variables. For example, a difference can be drawn between life-cycle and life-long singlehood (the first mostly linked to young age or special circumstances, the second due to a system).
In order to define singlehood, some contributions could study the margins of it: widowhood, prostitution, divorce, prenuptial sexuality…
2- To be single within social and family structures
The second line will question singlehood across individual pathways and within family structures. These structures must be questioned as the couple and matrimonial logics vary according to cultural areas and historical periods.
At individual height, singlehood can be undergone, suffered, or accepted and even claimed. Are there significant differences between men and women? Does singlehood impact differently on social, professional, and family life depending on gender or age? What possible strategies of internalization, reject or workaround can be set up to face the stereotypes and social stigmas?
3- Intimacy, sexuality, and emotional life of singlemen and singlewomen
This third line will study singlemen and singlewomen intimacies, their sexualities as well as their emotional lives (notably friendships or non-biological kinship as a substitute to family structures).
Medical and psychological views on singlemen/women’s bodies and minds would be greatly appreciated.
How to submit proposals
– A text clearly related to one of the three lines and not exceeding 800 words,
– A short biographical presentation (academic field, research interests, publications).
The proposal must be sent before March 1st 2021, to:
eymeoudjuliette@gmail.com
claire.lise.gaillard@gmail.com
The conference will be held over two days, in Paris, in September or October 2021. Being dependent on sanitary circumstances, we are waiting to know more to fix a place and a precise date.
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