Un médecin hygiéniste déporté à Mauthausen

Un médecin hygiéniste déporté à Mauthausen

Marion Benech 

Editeur : L'Harmattan
22.02.2013
ISBN 2343001588 

La vie de Jean Bénech est un éloge de ce que fut la Troisième république et de l'ancrage qu'y sut trouver une certaine bourgeoisie. Jean fit deux guerres, se tint à sa vocation de médecin hygiéniste et survécu à Mauthausen. Sa fille fait ici le portrait d'une famille qui subit la barbarie nazie et la tourmente génocidaire : un père résistant, un demi-frère Compagnon de la Libération, le versant maternel décimé par les traques. Marion Bénech éclaire ici ces identités complexes.

Les maladies infantiles en Irlande

Growing Pains: Childhood Illness in Ireland 1750-1950

Anne Mac Lellan, Alice Mauger 



Paperback: 272 pages
Publisher: Irish Academic Press Ltd; 1 edition (4 Mar 2013)
Language: English
ISBN-13: 978-0716531739
Product Dimensions: 15.6 x 2.2 x 23.4 cm

Despite the immense interest sparked by recent child abuse and orphan vaccination trials, the history of childhood illness in Ireland has remained largely hidden. Spanning two centuries, Growing Pains is the first history of Ireland s unique social, cultural and political responses to safeguarding childhood health and treating physically, psychologically and socially vulnerable children. It also investigates medical management in the home, hospitals, reformatories, industrial schools and workhouses - places where treatments ranged from the unorthodox to the experimental. Growing Pains provides an account of infectious and non-infectious diseases such as rickets, smallpox, tuberculosis, Spanish flu, epilepsy and opthalmia, and explores community and institutional responses to these illnesses across the centuries, as well as describing the medical pioneers who fought for better treatment and condition for Ireland s children

L'Antiquité grecque et le mystère de la voix

Les Routes de la voix - L'Antiquité grecque et le mystère de la voix
 

Guy LACHENAUD, professeur émérite (Université de Nantes), ancien élève de l'ENS Ulm. 

Les Belles lettres

N° vol. dans la collection 147

Parution : 15 février 2013

Nb de pages 240 p.

ISBN-10 2-251-32684-7

ISBN-13 978-2-251-32684-9

Ne néglige pas l'écho; car c'est
d'échos que tu vis.
J'épouse chaque syllabe au point
de n'être plus qu'un corps de consonnes,
une âme de voyelles. Est-ce sorcier ?
Edmond Jabès.

J'ai fait l'hypothèse que la rupture du lien entre voix et langage pouvait avoir une valeur heuristique, à condition de transgresser les frontières artificielles que l'érudition universitaire établit trop souvent entre les savoirs véhiculés par les textes techniques, les analyses des philosophes qui vont bien au-delà d’une approche physiologique du phénomène de la voix et de la parole, et les textes divers qui mettent en scène des sujets parlants.
Après avoir présenté les mots du Grec qui désignent la voix, j’examine les définitions de la voix proposées par les Anciens et l’entrelacs des métaphores qui tentent d’éclairer ce mystère. Le discours des médecins et des philosophes grecs explore les relations transitionnelles entre le corps et la voix, mais aussi entre le dedans et le dehors, relation qui fonctionne dans les deux sens. La voix est sans cesse contrecarrée par les déficiences physiques et intellectuelles, par les émotions et les circonstances de la vie sociale. C’est pourquoi l’aphonie, l’aphasie et le silence retiennent tout particulièrement mon attention. En ce qui concerne les états de la voix humaine, la confrontation avec les catégories modernes fait apparaître la grande richesse du vocabulaire des Grecs : force et faiblesse de la voix, tension de l’aigu et du grave, voix parlée et chantée, voix pathétique. Si les Anciens gardent toujours en ligne de mire le langage humain sous sa forme la plus achevée, la distinction entre l’animé et l’inanimé et la classification des êtres vivants sont mises en question et souvent contredites, comme plus tard chez les poètes, et même chez certains théoriciens et penseurs de la modernité.
Les paradoxes du Cratyle, qui définissent l’orthonymie comme homophonie entre les choses et les mots, jettent le trouble, et le Lachès prône l’harmonie entre ce que nous disons et notre genre de vie. C’est en effet la philosophie platonicienne, relayée par ses interprètes, qui illustre le mieux la complémentarité de la grammaire et de la musique, à condition d’en faire un bon usage. Les Lois identifient art choral et paideia. Le « dialogue intérieur de l’âme avec elle-même », dont nous parle le Phèdre, me conduit à étudier les deux discours, « immanent » et « proféré », le repli de l’âme sur elle-même, ce qui lui est propre qui est aussi ce qu’il y a de divin en elle. Je propose au lecteur de suivre en ma compagnie un parcours herméneutique qui conduit d’Homère, Hésiode ou Platon à Proclus et aux Chrétiens, sans m’interdire de leur faire répondre en écho les voix des poètes ou des penseurs modernes.

L’anthropologie de Platner et Cabanis.

Sémianire "Les sources médicales de la connaissance de l'homme"

Un transfert franco-allemand. L’anthropologie de Platner et sa réception chez Cabanis.

Stefanie Buchenau, Université Paris 8.

Dans une note de l’introduction d’une édition revue des Rapports du physique et du moral de l’homme de 1802, le médecin et idéologue Pierre Cabanis signale que sa science de l’homme serait précisément “ce que les Allemands appellent Anthropologie”; une science comprenant trois objets principaux, à savoir la physiologie, l’analyse des idées et la morale. Cabanis, qui a séjourné en Allemagne entre 1773 et 1775, paraît ainsi redevable d’Ernst Platner, dont l’ouvrage Anthropologie pour médecins et philosophes est publié en 1772. Il s’agira dans cette séance d’élucider cette référence allemande, et de réfléchir à la dimension européenne et franco-allemande de l’anthropologie médicale du 18ème siècle. La comparaison entre les programmes philosophiques et anthropologiques de Platner et de Cabanis révèle en effet des affinités surprenantes et méconnues.

Répondante: Marie Gaille, CNRS.

Date : mercredi 24 avril 2013
Horaire : 18h30-20h30
Adresse : 1, rue Descartes, salle JA05, métro Maubert-Mutualité (ligne 10), bus 63, 86, 87 et 89.

Instrumentation chirurgicale en France

Instrumentation chirurgicale en France

Des origines au XIXe siècle

Jean-Pierre Martin
Préface du Docteur Quentin Désiron

L'Harmattan

Coll. Médecine à travers les siècles
ISBN : 978-2-343-00564-5

avril 2013

164 pages

L'histoire n'a retenu que les chirurgiens et les médecins qui inventèrent des instruments auxquels ils laissèrent leur nom. Pourtant, sans le génie inventif des couteliers et les améliorations apportées au travail des métaux, la chirurgie n'aurait pas pu se perfectionner. Voici racontée le métier de ces couteliers et les liens étroits qu'ils entretinrent avec le monde médical.

Histoire de la digestion

Digesting the Medical Past

A history of medicine blog about the history of diet, nutrition, stomachs and digestion. 

By Ian Miller, University College Dublin.

http://digestingthemedicalpast.blogspot.ca/

Digesting the Medical Past: An Introduction

This post is intended as a brief introduction into my research into the history of stomachs, digestion, diet and nutrition, as well as my interests in the history of medicine in Ireland and Britain. It is intended to open up questions which I will address in my regular future posts.

Historicising the Stomach

The stomach is an organ of historical significance. The organ’s past is the subject of my monograph, A Modern History of the Stomach: Gastric Illness, Medicine and British Society, 1800-1950, published by Pickering and Chatto in 2011.

When I first began immersing myself in this research, it quickly became apparent that a wealth of previously unexplored material relating to stomachs and digestion was available in nineteenth- and twentieth-century medical journals, journalistic commentary, literature and social commentary as well as the extensive historic collection of medical textbooks available on the shelves of the Wellcome Library, London. This encouraged me to write an account of the history of the stomach, and the medical, scientific, technological and social discourses that historically surrounded the organ and its illnesses.

The history of gastric illness is important, in my view, because medical historians have emphasised epidemiological diseases including tuberculosis and cholera at the expense of chronic complaints that tended not to kill its victims in the past but certainly caused them years of agonising pain, disruption to day-to-day life and an inability to work. Gastric illness has always been class-neutral. Historically, it affected everyone from rich to poor. This remains the case today. Indeed, at the time of writing, gastric illness has, in recent weeks, impeded the Queen’s ability to undertake her official duties. Even Morrissey has been overheard publicly complaining of his inability to pay for the treatment of a crippling bleeding abdominal ulcer that has forced him to abandon his ongoing touring commitments. Alongside these high-profile sufferers, a countless number of individuals endure debilitating episodes of gastric discomfort. 

This blog is especially interested in recounting the various historical stories relating to the stomach. Each individual stomach has its own story to tell; its own history of health and illness; its endless cycle of digesting and processing food; its potential to succumb to illness and sickness. Stomachs also have their own historical narrative. Once, the organ was mysterious and unknown, even to physicians. However, since the late eighteenth century, the organ became increasingly subject to experimental investigation by dieticians, pathologists, surgeons, gastroenterologists - even psychologists - as medicine professionalised throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The plethora of experts who involved themselves in attempting to understand the organ and its illnesses also share their own fascinating histories. I will combine these expert accounts with the traces of historical stomach complaints recorded in autobiographies, literature and other sources in order to highlight an unusual, but significant, aspect of modern health history.

Post-Famine Food Reform in Ireland

In my second research project, undertaken at University College Dublin, I have shifted my focus to nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Ireland. While researching the history of the stomach, I came across various references to the overly large Irish stomach. Prior to the Famine (c.1845-52), the dietary customs of the less affluent Irish was heavily dominated by the potato. Critics of this mono-crop existence, including prominent physicians James Johnson, lamented that Irish peasants had developed abnormally large stomachs that impeded their economic performance and produced such levels of laziness that work was virtually abandoned leaving peasants with too much time on their hands to procreate and over-populate the country.

Of course, these statements were highly derogatory – practically racist by today’s standards - but it did lead me to think that an interesting historically-focused project on Irish diet could be done. So far, historians of Irish food have analysed the dramatic changes in dietary customs that followed the Famine by estimating the amount of calories that were probably ingested in past contexts, or by analysing imports and exports. As an alternative, I have looked into the socio-cultural meanings surrounding food in post-Famine Ireland and the debates which surrounded food in that period.

Rather than starting, as many historians have done, with the presumption that the Irish population naturally weaned themselves away from reliance on the potato due to having learnt lessons from the Famine, I have chosen to investigate a range of medical, scientific and expert figures and groups who sought to intervene in changing and regulating what the Irish poor ate. I have also discovered that the rhetoric surrounding post-Famine dietary conditions often focused upon strengthening Irish bodies as a means of fostering social improvement and economic productivity.

Hence, the working title of my current project is Reforming Food in Post-Famine Ireland: Medicine, Science and Improvement, c.1845-1922. Within it, I explore a wide range of topics relating to both the history of medicine and science in Ireland. My future posts will investigate connections forged between post-Famine Irish tea drinking and insanity, nationalist propaganda relating to the apparent starving of Irish schoolchildren by the British State and Sinn Féin’s efforts, during the First World War, to prove that Britain was deliberately attempting to initiate a second Famine in Ireland.

This blog is intended to communicate my ongoing research findings in the history of digestion, diet and nutrition.

Handisport

Corps, sport, handicaps (T. 1)

L'institutionnalisation du mouvement handisport (1954-2008)

Sylvain Ferez, Sébastien Ruffie

Téraèdre

ISBN : 978-2-336-00019-0

avril 2013

216 pages

Au sortir de la seconde guerre mondiale, d'anciens combattants, notamment de jeunes résistants, formulent le projet de créer l'Amicale sportive des mutilés de France, qui voit le jour en 1954. Son succès conduit à fonder, en 1963, la Fédération sportive des handicapés physiques de France, ancêtre de la Fédération française handisport, qui naît en 1977. Le processus d'institutionnalisation se met alors en place et, en quelques décennies, ce qui était impensable prend forme...

Les saints médicaux

Medical Saints: Cosmas and Damian in a Postmodern World

Jacalyn Duffin is the Hannah Chair of the History of Medicine at Queen's University in Kingston.

Hardcover: 256 pages
Éditeur: Oxford University Press (15 juin 2013)
Langue: English
ISBN-10: 0199743177
ISBN-13: 978-0199743179

Cosmas and Damian were martyred around the year 300 A.D. in what is now Syria. Called the Anargyroi ("without silver") because they charged no fees, they became patrons of medicine, surgery, and pharmacy and the focus of cults ranging across Europe. They were popular in Byzantine and Orthodox traditions and their shrines are numerous in Eastern Europe, southern Italy, and Sicily. The Medici family of Florence viewed the "santi medici" as patrons, and their deeds were illustrated by great Renaissance artists. In medical literature they are now revered as patrons of transplantation. 

Jacalyn Duffin offers a profound exploration of illness and healing experiences in contemporary society through the veneration of the twin doctors Saints Cosmas and Damian. She also relates a personal journey, from her role as a hematologist who unexpectedly came to serve as an expert witness in the Church's evaluation of a miracle to her research as a historican on the origins, meaning, and functions of saints. 

Duffin's research, which includes interviews with devotees in both North America and Europe, focuses on how people have taken the saints with them as they moved both within Italy and beyond. She shows that veneration of Cosmas and Damian has spread beyond immigrant traditions to fill important functions in healthcare and healing. Duffin's conclusions provide essential insights into medical history, sociology, anthropology, and popular religion, as well as the current medical debate over spiritual healing. Medical Saints draws on medical history and Roman Catholic traditions, but extends to universal observations about the behaviors of sick people and the formal responses to individual illness from collectivities in religion, medicine, and history.