Bains minéraux et politique de la guérison dans la Grèce des XIXe et XXe siècles

There must be something in the water! Mineral baths and the politics of healing in 19th and 20th century Greece

Lecture by ​Lydia Xynogala
Doctoral Fellow, Institute for the History and Theory of Architecture, ETH Zurich

Date: Tuesday 22 November 2022

Time: 16:00 - 17:15

Date and time zone is UK

Join the Webinar

This seminar discusses the legacy of two medical protagonists behind the Greek Thermalism movement. Xavier Landerer (1809-1885), the Bavarian scientist and military pharmacist of King Otto and Dr Eugenios Fokas (1903-1970) who held the first chair for hydrotherapy and medical climatology in the University of Athens.

In the decades following the newly established Greek State in the 19th century, mineral spring waters, abundant across the country, presented a promise: a healing network. Construction of baths, roads, railway networks and other infrastructures could bring health, prosperity, progress and tourism. The properties of these waters in sites across Greece were analyzed and described by doctors and chemists. They featured in publications and were presented in international exhibitions.

This seminar explores the legacy of two medical protagonists behind this movement: Xavier Landerer (1809-1885), the Bavarian scientist and military pharmacist of King Otto and Dr Eugenios Fokas (1903-1970) who held the first chair for hydrotherapy and medical climatology in the University of Athens. Both doctors, professors and avid advocates of the healing waters of Greece, they represented two significant historical moments. The first moment in the 19th century, reflects how the analysis of water and soil coupled with terrain mapping led to a scientific understanding of the country’s mineral wealth. The second moment, nearly a century later, embodies the spirit of an organized effort by the Greek state to turn those sites into international destinations for scientific gatherings, hydrotherapy and other forms of leisure.

These two key actors of the movement are connected to the discourses, laws, and institutions that led to Thermalism’s architectures. In this seminar, Xynogala analyzes the ideological and political underpinnings of their rhetorics and in parallel, she links them to the emergence of neo-Hippocratic thought in France, England and the US. The talk will highlight how state, science, foreign policies, and urban planning were intertwined. Her discussion will be centered around select spaces of knowledge: the Laboratory and the University. Within them, experiments, treatises and teachings motivated the construction of healing environments around Greece.

L’utilité d’une approche historique en philosophie de la médecine

Les différents visages de la défiance à l’égard de la médecine : de l’utilité d’une approche historique en philosophie de la médecine

Conférence de Claire Crignon, Professeure de philosophie, Université de Lorraine

 

25 novembre 2022 (de 17h30 à 19h30) 

à l’université Paul Valéry, le vendredi 25 novembre de 17h30 à 19h30, en salle Kouros 002 sur le site Saint-Charles 2 (rue du Professeur Henri Serre, Montpellier, tram ligne 1 arrêt Albert Ier Saint-Charles).

contact : delphine.bellis@univ-montp3.fr 

Georges Canguilhem

La philosophie et ses dehors, actes de la journée d'études consacrée à Georges Canguilhem



Centre Lauragais d'Études Scientifiques (CLÉS) et le Centre d'Archives en Philosophie, Histoire et Édition des Sciences (CAPHÉS)



Sommaire

Avant-propos.

Nathalie Queyroux : Présentation du fonds Georges Canguilhem à l'École normale supérieure et du projet de la journée à Castelnaudary.

Yves Schwartz : Introduction aux communications de la matinée.

Paul Tirand : Georges Canguilhem (Castelnaudary 1904-1995 Marly-le-Roi), un philosophe engagé dans son siècle.

Christine Belcikowski : À propos de Georges Canguilhem chargé en 1937-1939 d'un cours de psychologie à la Faculté de médecine de Toulouse.

Bruno Poucet : Georges Canguilhem : professeur de lycée et inspecteur général.

Claude Debru : Souvenirs audois : Canguilhem, la terre, la géographie, l'écologie.

Mathias Girel : Introduction aux communications de l'après-midi.

Yves Schwartz : De la vie au travail, quelle continuité chez Georges Canguilhem ?

Maël Montévil : Normativité et infidélités du milieu : actualités biologiques de Canguilhem.

Ana Soto, Carlos Sonnenschein : Canguilhem, la normativité biologique et la transition santé-maladie.

Paul-Antoine Miquel : Le vitalisme rationaliste de Canguilhem.

Charles Wolfe : Canguilhem : logique du vivant ou philosophie de la chair ?

Giulia Gandolfi : Canguilhem et la bioéthique : une matière philosophique « étrangère » à la pratique médicale ?

Annexes

La recherche nucléaire en médecine après la Deuxième guerre mondiale

Nuclear Research in Medicine after the Second World War

Call for papers 


We seek proposals for a conference on the history of nuclear research in medicine. The conference will be held at the Medical University of Vienna and the Austrian Academy of Sciences in Vienna from the 20th to 21st of March 2023. Deadline for submissions is the 15th of November 2022.

https://www.stgs.fau.de/2022/09/20/nuclear-research-in-medicine-after-the-second-world-war/

Nuclear research in medicine relies on a high degree of interaction. While the production of radioisotopes and the development of medical devices are carried out by physicists and engineers, chemists and pharmacists take over the syntheses of radiopharmaceuticals, while physicians focus on their application. In the absence of handbooks, industrially available devices, and radioisotopes, early specialists were also dependent on multilateral exchanges. These were fostered by post-war agreements for the peaceful use of atomic energy and international organizations such as the IAEA and WHO. Thus, the formation of nuclear medicine as discipline was the result of a global balancing and standardization process during the Cold War era. Its origins are traced in the first broad clinical applications of radioisotopes primarily in the United States and the United Kingdom just before the Second World War and continued with the worldwide dissemination of relevant knowledge and techniques that were mainly triggered by the United Nations international organizations. Nevertheless, in many countries, nuclear medicine did not get recognized as a medical specialty with separate residency training until the 1990s. 

This symposium focuses on the emergence of nuclear medicine as an outcome of scientific collaboration and competition, boundary and interdisciplinary work, and encounters between various (inter)national stakeholders, as well as political, diplomatic, and scientific institutions. We welcome contributions that address the scientific, political, diplomatic, and social dimensions of these interactions, the knowledge, resources, and policies involved.


Potential topics include:

- Transnational cooperation and competition among researchers, clinical practitioners, institutions and disciplines
- Sharing of nuclear medicine knowledge, methods, materials, and spaces within Europe and around the globe
- Development of standards, rules, manuals, and measuring/imaging devices
- Political, social, and gendered aspects of scientific interaction, licensing, and regulatory governance of the field
- Safety, security, and disposal of radioactive waste produced by nuclear medical practices
- Hierarchies and networks of exchange

Venue
We are planning this symposium to be an in-person event, consisting of a welcome reception at the Medical University of Vienna on the evening of March 20 and lectures on the premises of the Austrian Academy of Sciences on March 21. The symposium will take place in English and is free of charge.



Abstract submission
To apply, please send an abstract (no longer than 250 words), a brief bio, and contact information (all in one word file) to Johannes Mattes,johannes.mattes@oeaw.ac.at, by 15 November 2022. We will let you know about our decision by mid-December. Part of our plan is to publish a collective peer-reviewed special journal issue based on the final submissions of the participants.

Science raciale et esclavage dans les facultés de médecine américaines

Masters of Health. Racial Science and Slavery in U.S. Medical Schools
 

Christopher Willoughby
 

The University of North Carolina Press
Hardcover ISBN: 978-1-4696-7184-0
Published: November 2022

  Medical science in antebellum America was organized around a paradox: it presumed African Americans to be less than human yet still human enough to be viable as experimental subjects, as cadavers, and for use in the training of medical students. By taking a hard look at the racial ideas of both northern and southern medical schools, Christopher D. E. Willoughby reveals that racist ideas were not external to the medical profession but fundamental to medical knowledge.

In this history of racial thinking and slavery in American medical schools, the founders and early faculty of these schools emerge as singularly influential proponents of white supremacist racial science. They pushed an understanding of race influenced by the theory of polygenesis—that each race was created separately and as different species—which they supported by training students to collect and measure human skulls from around the world. Medical students came to see themselves as masters of Black people's bodies through stealing Black people’s corpses, experimenting on enslaved people, and practicing distinctive therapeutics on Black patients. In documenting these practices Masters of Health charts the rise of racist theories in U.S. medical schools, throwing new light on the extensive legacies of slavery in modern medicine.

 

Le système de Lazzaretti

The System of Lazzaretti Reconsidered. The Materiality of Quarantine in the Early Modern Mediterranean
 

Marina Inì


14 December 2022 – 5 PM (CET)


This paper focuses on the system of quarantine stations in the early modern Mediterranean. Quarantine and quarantine centres (also called lazzaretti in Italian vernacular) were considered essential to allow the movement of travellers and trading activities from territories and cities potentially infected with the plague; quarantine was considered especially important for communications with the Ottoman regions in which, according to the cultural and medical frameworks of the time, plague was considered endemic.

During the sixteenth and the beginning of the seventeenth century, Venice managed a network of different lazzaretti that protected the entirety of its territories in its frequent exchanges with the Levant. From the seventeenth century onwards, other Mediterranean cities started to adopt quarantine centres and different civic Health Offices joined forces with the Venetian Health Board constituting a transnational system of quarantine centres.

The system collected and shared information on the state of health of the Mediterranean area and it involved the wide adoption of standardised and consistent quarantine practices among the members of the network. My talk analyses the importance of materials in issues of contagion. While analysing the materiality of quarantined goods, the regulations and the architecture of the lazzaretti, this paper highlights the relevance of material culture to early modern medical preventative practices. 

 

About the Speaker...

Marina Inì is a Lecturer in Early Modern History at the University of Manchester.

She is an early modern cultural historian interested in material culture, history of medicine, as well as spatial and urban history of the early modern Mediterranean. Her current research interests focus on diversity, cross-cultural encounters in urban contexts, and funerary practices in Mediterranean port cities of the late seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.

Her PhD dissertation, entitled The System of Lazzaretti in the Early Modern Mediterranean, analyses the role of quarantine stations in shaping the socio-cultural history of the shared Mediterranean area.

La transpiration insensible au XVIIIe siècle

Sweat it Out! Insensible perspiration in the Eighteenth Century
 

Lecture by Ruben Verwaal


6 December 2022 – 5 PM (CET)

This paper argues how perspiration could undergo a drastic reconceptualisation in eighteenth-century medicine.

Thanks to Santorio Santori’s famous studies with the weighing chair, the ancient notion of insensible perspiration continued to be perceived as essential to one’s health. But despite its emphasis on quantification, Santorio’s work reflected long-standing views on perspiration closely aligned to digestion and health as balance of humours.

Dutch physicians of the Boerhaave school instead paid particular attention to the role of microscopic nerves and nervous juice. Johannes de Gorter, for example, incorporated chemical examinations and neurological descriptions to develop a more detailed theory of the internal physiology of perspiration.

It allowed him to explain diseases like catarrh (similar to the common cold), and to justify the efficacy of his preferred treatment—sal ammoniac—which made his patients sweat out the disease.

So the concept of insensible perspiration continued to play a pivotal role in the preservation of health throughout the early modern period. Yet how it exactly worked, changed significantly at the turn of the eighteenth century.



About the Speaker ...

Ruben Verwaal studied history of the sciences and humanities at Utrecht University and wrote a MA thesis on the reception and dissemination of Chinese medicine in early modern Europe.

He worked at the University Museum and Dutch Railway Museum before starting a PhD within the NWO Vidi project ‘Vital Matters’ at Groningen University. His PhD project ‘Blood, Sweat and Tears’ investigated how the chemistry of bodily fluids helped establish a new medical system in eighteenth-century Europe.

Since 2018 Ruben works as curator of the medical collections at Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam. Now he has joined the Institute for Medical Humanities, Durham University, to conduct his NWO Rubicon postdoc project (2019-2022) on deafness and hearing difference.

47ème réunion scientifique du CHAR

47ème réunion scientifique du CHAR
 

Vendredi 18 novembre 2022 14h-17h00
 

au siège de la Société française d'anesthésie-réanimation
74 rue Raynouard 75016 Paris (1er étage)


Présidents de séance
Jacques Hotton (Remiremont), Dominique Simon (Corbeil)

14h00 : De l’inconnue de la Seine à Ressusci Anne.
Jean-Pierre Haberer (Paris)

14h30 : Les inventeurs français d’appareils de réanimation par injection sous-cutanée d’oxygène.
Bruno De Turck (Gand Belgique)

15h00 : Les préconisations antidouleurs ou anesthésiques dans l'histoire de la médecine égyptienne.
Jean Richard-Alain (Paris)

16h00 : La face cachée du chloroforme : du mythe à la réalité.
Atanas Sabahov (Paris)

16h30 : 175ème anniversaire des premières anesthésies en France (1847-2022).
Jean-Bernard Cazalaà (Paris)

17h00 : Fin de réunion
 

Accès libre en présentiel.
 

Accès libre en distanciel, cette réunion est diffusée sur le réseau Zoom de la Sfar.
Pour nous rejoindre : télécharger zoom sur votre ordinateur, plaquette ou téléphone
Au moment de la réunion, ouvrir le lien Zoom https://us06web.zoom.us/j/84769068569?pwd=aVpXa0ZuZm9RdnVVcGtDNkVhTmtldz09
 

Vous serez mis en contact avec la salle.

Désactivez votre microphone pour ne pas perturber les communications.
 

En cas de problème ID de réunion : 847 6906 8569 Code secret : 821314
ou appeler sur 06 70 19 15 64 pour vous aider