Les remèdes psychiatriques

Desperate Remedies: Psychiatry’s Turbulent Quest to Cure Mental Illness 

Andrew Scull


Publisher ‏ : ‎ Belknap Press: An Imprint of Harvard University Press (May 17, 2022)
Language ‏ : ‎ English
Hardcover ‏ : ‎ 512 pages
ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0674265103


A sweeping history of American psychiatry―from the mental hospital to the brain lab―that reveals the devastating treatments doctors have inflicted on their patients (especially women) in the name of science and questions our massive reliance on meds.

For more than two hundred years, disturbances of the mind―the sorts of things that were once called “madness”―have been studied and treated by the medical profession. Mental illness, some insist, is a disease like any other, whose origins can be identified and from which one can be cured. But is this true?

In this masterful account of America’s quest to understand and treat everything from anxiety to psychosis, one of the most provocative thinkers writing about psychiatry today sheds light on its tumultuous past. Desperate Remedies brings together a galaxy of mind doctors working in and out of institutional settings: psychologists and psychoanalysts, neuroscientists, and cognitive behavioral therapists, social reformers and advocates of mental hygiene, as well as patients and their families desperate for relief.

Andrew Scull begins with the birth of the asylum in the reformist zeal of the 1830s and carries us through to the latest drug trials and genetic studies. He carefully reconstructs the rise and fall of state-run mental hospitals to explain why so many of the mentally ill are now on the street and why so many of those whose bodies were experimented on were women. In his compelling closing chapters, he reveals how drug companies expanded their reach to treat a growing catalog of ills, leading to an epidemic of over-prescribing while deliberately concealing debilitating side effects.

Carefully researched and compulsively readable, Desperate Remedies is a definitive account of America’s long battle with mental illness that challenges us to rethink our deepest assumptions about who we are and how we think and feel.

Postdoctorat sur la psychiatrie de la migration

The University of Le Mans searches for a MSCA PF candidate in psychiatry of migration


Call for applications

OFFER DEADLINE
08/07/2022 10:00 - Europe/Brussels


EU RESEARCH FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME
HE / MSCA


LOCATION
France, LE MANS


ORGANISATION/COMPANY
Le Mans Université


LABORATORY
TEMOS


Le Mans University is looking for excellent postdoctoral researchers for building together an innovative application for an independant research fellowship to the next call (14 September 2022) of the Marie-Skłodowska Curie Actions - Postdoctoral Fellowships programme. MSCA Postdoctoral Fellowships offer a rare opportunity to talented scientists: the chance to set up a research programme of their own. They provide an attractive grant for 1 to 2 years including salaries (with social care included) and allowances for mobility, family and research.

The indicative deadline of submission to the EU funding and tender portal is on 14 September 2022 ; details on the call for proposal MSCA-PF webpage.

The topic and team below have been identified for welcoming you to develop your research project at Le Mans University and helping you to write a persuasive proposal for the European submission in September 2022.


General description of the research topic:

Keywords: Medicine, History, Psychiatry and psychology, Migration, Health, XXth century.

Research field : History / Contemporary History

Context :

Since the history of psychiatry became academic, it has focused on the 19th century and more recently on the transformations that initiated new forms of care for mental illnesses from the 1960s. The period of the first half of the 20th century remains relatively unknown and yet it is marked by the impact of the Great War and the emergence of new questions brought about by the new practices and ideas of mental hygiene and social psychiatry. Among these, the question of the mental health of migrants occupies an important but little studied place.

Before the Great War, the forms of uprooting that worried doctors concerned mainly young people from the countryside who migrated to the city, or the soldiers of the colonial armies affected by nostalgia. But in France, the bloodletting of the Great War, which accelerated the use of foreign labor, changed the situation. In the 1920s, migrants from Central and Eastern Europe and Italy numbered in the millions, some of whom populated the asylums between the wars. Migration became a public health issue in France in the first half of the 20th century. After the Second World War, studies on transplantation pathologies multiplied, especially from the description of the experience of North African migrants. Today, this question feeds the reflections of health care professionals who are often confronted with new traumatic migratory experiences. The project aims to understand the construction of a new medical view of these populations in a context of institutional and political crisis, from a European or a global point of view. The project will explore the social and scientific origins of a new medical approach (France/Europe/World 1900-1960).

The researcher will be integrated a the DicoPolHiS team. - Valorization and dissemination of the research to the professional world of psychiatry and within the framework of the DicoPolHiS project (Political Dictionary of Health History): http://dicopolhis.univ-lemans.fr/fr/index.html.


For a first approach of the question look at : GUILLEMAIN H., Schizophrènes au XXe siècle. Des effets secondaires de l’histoire, Alma éditeur, 2018 (« Migrants dans la crise des années 1930 », chapitre IV)
MAJERUS B. et RICHEL J., « “L’invention” de l’immigré. La psychiatrie belge face à la migration maghrébine dans les années 1960 et 1970 », Le Mouvement social, 1/242, 2013, p. 31-44.
MAHIEU E. et RECA M., « Exil et migration », L’information psychiatrique, 83/9, nov. 2007, p. 733-735.

Scientific objectives:

(1) to show how a new object of interest in the field of psychiatry was constructed, that of migrants between the 1900s and 1960s,

(2) to understand the social and political issues that influence the medical view of these new populations in psychiatry, and

(3) to reconstruct the reality of the phenomenon on various scales (transnational and institutional pathways of individuals, macro statistics, studies of institutions and discourses). This research is therefore situated at the crossroads of several historiographic fields: social history, history of science, psychiatry and psychology, demography, and the study of migration.


Career Objectives:

The field of research concerning migration psychiatry is still not widely available in the academic field. The applicant will therefore be quickly identified as a specialist and will gain new perspectives based on the skills developed during the contract. The post-doctoral researcher will be well positioned to apply for faculty positions in the field of health and migration studies, a field that is currently at the heart of social priorities. He/she will also have the skills necessary to seize employment opportunities in the public and private sectors related to this field; staff of associations; national administrations. Participation in the international editorial development of the DicoPolHiS project will complement his skills in the field of digital publishing and communication, skills that are highly valued by universities today.



Supervisor: Hervé GUILLEMAIN

Academic position:

Professor of Contemporary History - Le Mans University

Director of the History Department of Le Mans University

Leader of the axis 1 of the laboratory TEMOS UMR CNRS 9016 (http://temos.cnrs.fr)

Director of the DicoPolHiS ( http://dicopolhis.univ-lemans.fr/fr/index.html)



Main topics: History, Psychiatry and psychology, Migration, Therapeutics, Asylum, Political history of health, XXth century, Patient's view.


Scientific profile

As a specialist in the social history of madness and psychiatry in the twentieth century, I have published several works proposing a new approach from below. These works, which mobilize French and international colleagues, cover the history of the twentieth century from the Great War (From the Front to the Asylum 2013) to the 1960s-1980s (The End of the Asylum? 2018). In 2018 I was the author of a double award-winning book recognized in the medical and humanities community (Prescrire, L'Evolution psychiatrique) proposing a new historiographic approach to psychiatric classification (Schizophrenics in the 20th century. Side effects of history) based on a history centered on the patient's perspective. I have presented this work in French and English in numerous international conferences: Argentina (La Plata, Cordoba), United States (New York), Canada (Montreal, Ottawa), Lebanon (Jounieh), Switzerland (Lausanne, Geneva), Belgium (Leuven, Louvain-la-Neuve). I am a member of the editorial board of the only French-language journal on the history of health in Europe, Histoire, médecine et santé, and I am also a member of the board of the European Association for History of Medicine and Health. I am the director of DicoPolHiS (Dictionnaire Politique d'Histoire de la Santé), a multimedia platform available internationally (Dicopolhis english). I was the French referee for Maia Woolner's dissertation, Time to Cure: Psychiatry, Psychology, and Mental Health Care in France, 1870-1940, Fullbright Fellowship, PhD UCLA, 2020. I direct several PhDs on the history of health and psychiatry that will be a think tank in which the candidate will benefit from participating.



References :

2018 Schizophrènes au XXe siècle. Des effets secondaires de l’histoire, Alma éditeur.

2018 La fin de l’asile ? Histoire de la déshospitalisation psychiatrique dans l’espace francophone au XXe siècle, PUR (avec A. Klein et MC Thifault).

2016 – « L’Histoire en délires. Usage des écrits délirants dans la pratique historienne », dans Perreault I. Thifault M.C. Récits inachevés. Réflexions sur la recherche qualitative en sciences humaines, Ottawa. Presses de l’Université d’Ottawa, p. 177-200 (avec L. Guignard)

2016 - « Towards a Contemporary Historiography of Amateurs in Science (18th-20th Century) », Gesnerus, 2016, 73-2, p. 201-237 (avec N. Richard)

2016 - « Des institutions privées d’histoire. Enquête sur les archives d’entreprises capitalistes dédiées à la gestion de la folie (France, 1930-1950) », Santé mentale au Québec, Automne 2016/2, p. 101-118

2015 – « « La psychose est-elle le fruit de l’histoire ? A propos des crises de septembre 1938 et de l’exode de mai-juin 1940 », Guerres mondiales et conflits contemporains, PUF, n° 257, 2015, p. 37-52.

2014 Extension du domaine psy, PUF/Vie des idées.

2013, Du front à l’asile, Alma éditeur (avec S. Tison), 2013.

2013 Expériences de la folie. Criminels, soldats, patients en psychiatrie, PUR, (avec L. Guignard et S. Tison)


Eligibility criteria By the time of the MSCA PF indicative deadline (14 September 2022), applicants must be in possession of a doctoral degree and should not have more than 8 years full-time equivalent research experience (career breaks and leaves will not count towards this experience).
Applicants can be of any nationality but must not have resided and/or worked more than 12 months in France in the 3 years immediately prior to MSCA deadline.
Publications: at least 1 per year as 1st author since the PhD award.



Selection process

We encourage all motivated post-docs to apply on EU Euraxess platform, as early as possible and at least before the 8 July 2022. Your application must be sent to herve.guillemain@univ-lemans.fr and will include : a CV including : (i) the exact date of your stay in each position and/or country and (ii) a list of publications;
a research outline document (up to 2 pages) identifying the research synergies with the faculty members / pre-identified topics.

Following the reception of your application, we will check the eligibility of your profile for a MSCA-PF application. Then supervisor(s) will select the most promising applications regarding the excellence-based competitive conditions and evaluation criteria of the MSCA-PF program and contact them in due course (mid-July) for further discussions and proposal writing until September 2022. If funded, the project proposed in September 2022 could start from May 2023 onwards.

To be crystal clear, this is the responsibility of the fellow to develop and write his/her own application proposal, but the supervisor will be deeply involved in the co-writing of the proposal and you will also receive dedicated support from the European office to write a persuasive proposal in a continuous follow-up process.


Disclaimer:

The responsibility for the hosting offers published on this website, including the hosting description, lies entirely with the publishing institutions. The application is handled uniquely by the employer, who is also fully responsible for the recruitment and selection processes.

Harold Gillies (1882-1960), pionnier de la réparation des visages

The Facemaker. A visionary Surgeon's Battle to Mend The Disfigured Soldiers of World War I

 Lindsey Fitzharris

 

Kirkus
June 7, 2022

The author of The Butchering Art returns with “a new perspective on the terrible consequences of trench warfare, and the private battles that many men fought long after they put down their rifles.”

“Disfigured soldiers,” writes Fitzharris, “often suffered self-imposed isolation from society following their return from war.” While this has been true throughout history, the vast increase in military technology during World War I produced an avalanche of torn flesh and mutilated body parts that overwhelmed surgeons. Among more than 20 million injured, nearly 300,000 soldiers suffered facial trauma. In this often graphic yet inspiring, engaging book, the author focuses on Harold Gillies (1882-1960), a successful British ear, nose, and throat surgeon whose pioneering work in repairing faces place him among the war’s few true heroes. Sent to France early in the war, he observed freelance dental surgeons (the Royal Army Medical Corps had none) experimenting with facial reconstruction. He quickly established that the first principle of battlefield surgery—to close gaping wounds—was a disaster for jaw and facial injuries. Unless the damaged underlying structures were repaired first, the procedures guaranteed a grotesque end result. Returning to the Queen’s Hospital in London, Gillies persuaded the chief surgeon to establish a facial injury ward, which eventually grew to more than 1,000 beds and employed dozens of surgeon, dentists, artists, and sculptors who pioneered a new specialty: plastic surgery. The author’s case reports of individual soldiers are not for the faint of heart, but she delivers a consistently vivid account of the ingenious techniques involving skin flaps, grafting, reconstruction, and prostheses, most of which Gillies and colleagues invented. Many victims required dozens of painful procedures, and not all succeeded, but his accomplishments, along with his compassion, made him an object of worship from patients. A “genuine visionary in his field,” he received a good deal of favorable publicity in the media but only modest official recognition, including a knighthood in 1930, and he continued to practice until his death. An excellent biography of a genuine miracle worker.

Les récits du bien-être

Narratives of Wellbeing

Call for papers



The critical turn in wellbeing studies asks not only how wellbeing can be defined and measured, but what is created and excluded by the process of striving for and articulating wellbeing. Such perspectives move away from the focus on wellbeing indicators to ask: what we are talking about when we talk about wellbeing? And how might wellbeing be understood, experienced and mobilised differently in different contexts?

To extend scholarly conversations on this subject,  Narratives of Wellbeing will be a symposium and edited volume that critically examine wellbeing through a narrative framework. Narratives are a window into the temporal nature of human experience (Ricoeur 1979) and narratives of wellbeing reveal how the aspiration to live well is socio-culturally and individually mediated. How is being well navigated, interpreted, articulated, and/or brought into being through the construction of narrative? How might the stories we tell about wellbeing change depending on the expected audience? What are the tensions and overlaps between various scripts about what it means to live well, socially, culturally, economically, and spiritually? How do certain narratives of wellbeing become authoritative while others are subjugated? When are narratives about wellbeing therapeutic and when are they iatrogenic? What do different narratives of wellbeing accomplish, produce and disguise?

This interdisciplinary symposium and edited volume will bring together researchers who approach wellbeing from a range of perspectives, including: sociology; politics; anthropology; linguistics; history; Indigenous studies; philosophy; religious studies; development studies; and gender, sexuality and diversity studies. We welcome paper proposals on topics including, but not limited to: historical narratives about wellbeing; competing scripts about wellbeing; wellbeing as narrated in different disciplinary traditions; the strategic use of wellbeing narratives; power and inequality in the articulation of wellbeing; and the therapeutic possibilities of narrativising wellbeing.

Symposium abstracts are due to be submitted by June 30, 2022. Symposium papers (2000-3000 words) will be pre-circulated a week before the event. The symposium will be convened in hybrid format online and at La Trobe University, Melbourne. Following the symposium, participants will be invited to contribute to an edited volume, with full papers provisionally due 1 November 2022. Please contact the convenors with abstracts orany questions.

Convenors: Tarryn Phillips, Timothy Jones, Natalie Araujo and Jack Taylor

Contact:

Tarryn.Phillips@latrobe.edu.au
T.Jones@latrobe.edu.au
N.Araujo@latrobe.edu.au
John.Taylor@latrobe.edu.au

https://narrativesofwellbeing.wordpress.com/

Réinventer l'épidémiologie psychiatrique dans un cadre mondial

Reimagining Psychiatric Epidemiology in a Global Frame: Toward A Social and Conceptual History
 

Anne M. Lovell & Gerald M. Oppenheimer (Editors)

Publisher ‏ : ‎ University of Rochester Press (May 26, 2022)
Language ‏ : ‎ English
Hardcover ‏ : ‎ 288 pages
ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-1648250392


Psychiatric epidemiology, like the epidemiology of cancer, heart disease, or AIDS, contributes increasingly to shaping the biopolitics of nations and worldwide health campaigns. Despite the field's importance, this is the first volume of historical scholarship addressing psychiatric epidemiology. It seeks to comprehensively trace the development of the discipline and the mobilization of its constructs, methods, and tools to further social ends. It is through this double lens&emdash;conceptual and social&emdash;that it envisions the history of psychiatric epidemiology. Furthermore, its chapters constitute elements for that history as a global phenomenon, formed by multiple approaches. Those numerous historical paths have not resulted in a uniform disciplinary field based on a common paradigm, as happened arguably in the epidemiology of cardiovascular disease and cancer, but in a plurality of psychiatric epidemiologies driven by different intellectual questions, political strategies, reformist ideals, national cultures, colonial experiences, international influences, and social control objectives. When examined together, the chapters depict an uneven global development of epidemiologies formed within distinct political-cultural regions but influenced by the transnational circulation and selective uptake of concepts, techniques, and expertise. These moved through multidirectional pathways between and within the Global North and South. Authored by historians, anthropologists, and psychiatrists, chapters trace this complex history, focusing on Brazil, Nigeria, Senegal, India, Taiwan, Japan, the United Kingdom, the United States and Canada, as well as multicountry networks.

Les histoires de l'assurance-maladie

Medicare's Histories: Origins, Omissions, and Opportunities in Canada 

Esyllt W. Jones, James Hanley & Delia Gavrus (Editors)

Publisher ‏ : ‎ University of Manitoba Press (May 27, 2022)
Language ‏ : ‎ English
Hardcover ‏ : ‎ 392 pages
ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0887552861

Medicare is arguably Canada’s most valued social program. As federally-supported medicare enters its second half-century, Medicare’s Histories brings together leading social and health historians to reflect on the origins and evolution of medicare and the missed opportunities characterizing its past and present. Embedding medicare in the diverse constituencies that have given it existence and meaning, contributors inquire into the strengths and weaknesses of publicly insured health care and critically examine medicare’s unfinished role in achieving greater health equity for all people in Canada regardless of race, status, gender, class, age, and ability.

Fundamental to the stories told in Medicare’s Histories is the essential role played by communities ¬– of activists, critics, health professionals, First Nations, patients, families, and survivors – in driving demands for health reform, in identifying particular omissions and inequities exacerbated or even created by medicare, and in responding to the realities of medicare for those who work in and rely on it. Contributors to this volume show how medicare has been shaped by politics (in the broadest sense of that word), identities, professional organizations, and social movements in Canada and abroad.

As COVID lays bare social inequities and the inadequacies of health care delivery and public health, this book shows what was excluded and what was – and is – possible in health care.

Psychiatrie et politique dans la France d'après-guerre

Psychiatrie et politique dans la France d'après-guerre

Présentation d'ouvrage 

13 juin 2022
17h-19h
Centre d’histoire de Sciences Po,
1 Place Saint-Thomas-d’Aquin, 75007 Paris

Autour de l’ouvrage de Camille ROBCIS, Disalienation. Politics, Philosophy, and Radical Psychiatry in Postwar France, Chicago, The University of Chicago Press, 2021.

Séance organisée par
Anatole LE BRAS (post-doctorant à l’université de Strasbourg) et
Paul MARQUIS (postdoc IMAF, chercheur associé à Sciences Po, CHSP) qui introduiront cette présentation d’ouvrage en présence de l’autrice :
Camille ROBCIS (Professor of History and French au sein du département d’histoire de l’université de Columbia, New York), spécialiste en histoire intellectuelle, politique et légale de la France contemporaine.

Le livre Disalienation de Camille Robcis retrace l’histoire du courant de pensée de la « psychothérapie institutionnelle », né à l’hôpital psychiatrique de Saint-Alban, au cœur de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. De Tosquelles à Foucault en passant par Fanon et Guattari, son récit nous invite à explorer les liens entre psychiatrie radicale, philosophie, antifascisme et anticolonialisme. Il nous rappelle ainsi que le psychisme est politique, mais aussi que le politique est affaire de psychisme. Cette séance de discussion sera l’occasion d’emprunter quelques-unes des nombreuses pistes de réflexion ouvertes par ce livre.

La séance est prévue en français (avec la possibilité de questions/réponses en anglais au moment des intéractions avec la salle)

Contact: centre.histoire@sciencespo.fr
Inscription sur le guide des événements
https://www.sciencespo.fr/agenda/fr/chsp

Histoire de la pharmacie dans la civilisation arabe

History of Pharmacy in the Arabic Civilization in between Past and Future
 

BSHP online talk with Ayman Yasin Atat


Mon, 13 June 2022

14:00 – 15:30 BST



The intercultural dialogue between civilizations has a crucial function in building and developing the knowledge of materia medica. This dialogue appeared either through the translation movements of the main sources, or through the travelling of scientists themselves between civilizations. In the same vein, the Arabic civilization benefited from this dialogue in the progress of its medical and pharmaceutical sciences, especially in the Middle Ages and later.

Furthermore, many names from different geographical parts around the Arab world appeared in this context. For instance, Greece and its famous author Dioscorides (d. ca 90AD), the author of a Greek encyclopaedia about herbal medicine and related medicinal substances, whose book was translated into Arabic, after which it became the most important source concerning the simple drugs.

However, it is crucial to mention that most important sources of simple drugs and materia medica in the Arabic civilization came from Al-Andalus (Spain). The Andalusian writings were the basis for any encyclopaedia of simple drugs that appeared in this historical period. Names like Albucasis (d. 1013AD), Avempace (d. 1138AD), Ibn Zuhr (d. 1162AD), Abū al-Khīr al-Ishbīlī (d. 1179AD), Maimonides (d. 1204AD), and Abū al-ʿabbās al-Nabātī (d. 1239AD) have a great influence in the development of simple drugs’ culture in the Arabic and sequential civilizations.

Moreover, one of the most famous Andalusian authors was Ibn al-Bayṭār (d. 1248AD), who travelled between the western and eastern parts of the Arabic world in order to get more information about materia medica. He wrote a Compendium on Simple Drugs and Foods (Kitāb al-Jāmiʻ li-mufradāt al-adwīya wa al-aghdhīya) which is considered an extremely important source in the study of simple drugs culture in the Arabic medicine.

Since the 8th century, when the first pharmacy (drug store) was established in Baghdad (exactly 754AD), pharmacy separated from medicine and pharmacists started to prepare compound drugs using many processes. The appearance of practitioners of pharmacy showed the need for books dealing with other aspects of pharmaceutical science over and above that concerning simple drugs.

Because of that, many Arabic authors wrote books on preparing different pharmaceutical forms. Names like Sābūr ibn Sahl (d. 860AD) the author of a pharmaceutical encyclopaedia entitled (Al-Aqrabādhīn al-Ṣaghīr), Ibn Jazlah (d. 1100AD) the author of another pharmaceutical encyclopaedia entitled (Minhāj al-Bayān), and Ibn al-Tilmīdh (d. 1165AD) have exerted great influence in the development of materia medica culture in the Arabic civilization.

In parallel to the development of both simple and compound drugs in the Arabic civilization, we should not forget the importance of the Arabic pharmaceutical manuscripts, which preserved Arabic pharmaceutical knowledge from being lost; these manuscripts are like witnesses speaking about an important stage in pharmacy’s historical development.

Ayman Yasin Atat, a pharmacist, received his PhD in the History of Medical Science from Aleppo University in 2014, and did his Postdoc project at Istanbul university. His research fields are Arabic medicine, history of materia medica and Arabic pharmaceutical manuscripts.

Between January 2020 and April 2022, he was a guest researcher in the Arabic seminar at FU Berlin, and currently he is a research fellow in the Department for History of Science and Pharmacy at the Technical University of Braunschweig (TU Braunschweig, Germany).

Please RSVP to be sent joining details on the day of the event via email. This event will take place on Zoom (limited capacity) and YouTube.

Image credit: "Preparing Medicine from Honey", from a Dispersed Manuscript of an Arabic Translation of De Materia Medica of Dioscorides, 'Abdullah ibn al-Fadl, 1224 CE, Metropolitan Museum of Art.