Citoyenneté et politique de la tuberculose à Cuba au XXe siècle

Radical Prescription: Citizenship and the Politics of Tuberculosis in Twentieth-Century Cuba

 
Kelly Urban 

 

• Publisher ‏ : ‎ The University of North Carolina Press (May 2, 2023)
• Language ‏ : ‎ English
• Hardcover ‏ : ‎ 252 pages
• ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 146967307X
• ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-1469673073

Extinguishing a public health threat is difficult under any condition, let alone during a sweeping national revolution. In this first comprehensive study of tuberculosis in modern Cuba, Kelly Urban analyzes the medical, social, and governmental responses to the highly contagious disease as the island was heading into and emerging from the Revolution of 1959, providing a window onto broad questions of citizens' rights, biomedicine and public health, and political change.

Drawing on a diverse range of sources revealing the perspectives of those at the center of power and those on the margins, Urban finds that the Cuban republican state intervened to confront the tuberculosis problem only after coming under intense grassroots pressure. Cuban citizens forged an activist political subculture around tuberculosis, rejecting discourses that blamed the sick for their own illness. This loose coalition of sanatorium patients, tenement dwellers, black public intellectuals, labor organizers, and reform-minded physicians won entitlements to state health care and pressed for other social rights that influenced health. Their critiques of the state's politicized and inefficient tuberculosis program contributed to the declining legitimacy of the Batista government, helping to spur the Revolution and an innovative restructuring of the public health system.

Politiques et protection dans les campagnes de santé publique

Masks and myopia – politics and protection in public health campaigns

Talks by Yixue Yang and Sharrona Pearl

Date: Thursday 11 May 2023

Time: 16:00 - 17:30

Date and time zone is UK


Join the webinar

All Welcome

This seminar is part of the centre for History in Public Health seminar series: Historical perspectives on ethics, morals, and values in public health.

This seminar will examine the cultural and political contexts shaping historical public health interventions: Yixue Yang will examine the Protecting Students’ Eyesight Campaign in later Mao-era People’s Republic of China; Sharrona Pearl will explore the history of masking and its tensions in the US, from the 19th century to Covid. Find out more about the two talks below.

Revolutionary Vision: Myopia, Socialist Youth and Public Health Campaigns in China (1960-1976)

In 1960, under the name of preventing myopia among students from primary to high schools, the central government of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) launched the Protecting Students’ Eyesight Campaign nationwide. State agents mandated hygienic guidelines focused on transforming schools’ built environment and students’ personal habits of seeing, reading, and resting. Medical experts collaborated with state agents in devising Chinese-medicine-based eye exercises which every Chinese student is still doing now twice a day in school. Intense grassroots propaganda immersed students all over China in a multisensory and round-the-clock experience in which the Campaign became an omnipresent arbiter of everyday life.

Complementing government documents with ample grassroots visual and textual ephemera, I find that in the 1960s and 1970s the PRC state continued to pursue what the historian Ruth Rogaski calls “hygienic modernity.” While no imperialist power remained in China in 1960, the racial discourse of indigenous bodily deficiency lingered, and was reactivated by new Communist elites. This paper also sheds new light on the particular anxiety socialist states like PRC had over the future of socialism. Myopia neither had visible carriers for people to kill, nor was it an infectious disease that could be bioengineered away with vaccines. Instead, the state increasingly blamed students for how they “misused” their eyes and their lack of political consciousness. Young people’s dangerous propensities had to be suppressed and even pre-empted for them to be qualified “successors to socialism.” The instrumentalization of youth was coated in the rhetoric of protection. 

The mask: concealing and revealing

This talk seeks to uncover. To expose. To lay bare. I will take the mask itself – an object designed to conceal, to protect, to create barriers and boundaries – and see what lies within. Using a broad historical lens, I’ll explore the history of masking, exploring various sites and domains of practice to show its consistent use as a means of protection and division. The mask will show who, in a given context, is worthy of protection, and who is not. I’ll focus in particular on masking as a means of protecting: identities from detection; bodies from injury; emotion from clear expression; the health of the wearers and the health of those around them; and the souls and spirits of those engaged in religious ritual.

I will discuss contemporary masking from the anti-mask laws of the nineteenth century through to the pandemic, looking in particular at the tensions between exposure and concealment, both of which are perceived as mechanisms of safety. I’ll conclude with a discussion of racism in masking practices, arguing that for Black men in the US, structural racism was behind attempts to criminalize their masking even when it was legally required due to public health ordinances. What does masking mean for bodies that were always already wrong?

Speakers

​Yixue Yang, University of California
​Yixue Yang is a third-year PhD student in modern Chinese history and science studies at the University of California, San Diego. Her research interests lie at the intersection of medicine and public health, modern state-building, and technology in the long twentieth century of China.
Sharrona Pearl, Drexel University

Sharrona Pearl is Associate Professor of Medical Ethics and History at Drexel University. A historian and theorist of the face and body, her current book, on the face recognition spectrum from face blindness to prosopagnosia, is forthcoming from Johns Hopkins University Press. Say hi on twitter: @sharronapearl.

Alcool et cirrhose du foie dans la Grande-Bretagne du XXe siècle

Alcohol and Liver Cirrhosis in Twentieth-Century Britain: Drinking in the Science

Ryosuke Yokoe 

Publisher ‏ : ‎ Palgrave Macmillan; 1st ed. 2023 edition (April 29, 2023)
Language ‏ : ‎ English
Hardcover ‏ : ‎ 289 pages
ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 3031271068
ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-3031271069

The relationship between alcohol consumption and liver cirrhosis has long been contested by doctors and medical professionals, creating numerous implications for the public reputation of alcohol in Britain. Despite this, it was not until the 1970s that cirrhosis came to be understood as an ‘alcoholic disease’. This book contextualises developments in this debate through the twentieth century by examining the significant influence that medical expertise had on policy responses to alcohol misuse, as well as the social reputation of alcohol consumption. It demonstrates how the degree to which drinking was seen to be responsible for liver disease directly shaped how different groups, such as the temperance movement and the drinks industry, exaggerated or downplayed the destructive properties of alcohol. Covering a series of themes including the science of disease causation, the social standing of medical expertise, and alcohol and public health policy, this book argues that in order to properly understand the trajectory of debates around drinking we need to consider the twentieth-century ‘alcohol problem’ as primarily a medical issue. Contrary to the tendency by existing works to disassociate perceptions and responses to alcohol use from the objective knowledge of its effects on the body, this book shows that medical understandings of liver disease influenced how alcohol was conceptualised in relation to its harms. Offering a fresh perspective on the interaction between scientific knowledge and policy during the twentieth century, this book provides insights for those researching the social, political and cultural history of modern Britain, as well as historians of medicine and health.

Panels Medica

Medica's panels at ICMS


At this year's ICMS at Western Michigan University, Medica: the Society for the Study or Healing in the Middle Ages is sponsoring a mix of in-person and virtual panels and roundtables. For those attending the conference in person, please find a list of rooms reserved for the participation and viewing of our virtual format sessions. Also included is a Zoom link to remotely attend our annual business meeting (Note: the location has changed from that list in the program).



Thursday, May 11 10:00 – 11:30 am

Session 15 Bernhard Center 212

Medical Recipes and Household Science in Medieval and Early Modern Europe

Presider: Nichola E. Harris, SUNY–Ulster.

“Þis oynement sleiþ and curiþ”: Exploring Applications of Medieval Medical Ingredients - Erin Connelly, Univ. of Warwick

Medieval Mediterranean Women in the Lab: Medical Recipes and Household Science in Medieval and Early Modern Europe - Dianne Burke Moneypenny, Indiana Univ. East

Military Materialities and Popular Literature in Early Modern Household Recipes - Amanda Taylor, Univ. of Minnesota–Twin Cities / Oakeshott Institute; Emily Beck, Wangensteen Historical Library, Univ. of Minnesota–Twin Cities



Thursday, May 11 3:30 to 5pm

Session 140 VIRTUAL Schneider 1280 is reserved for remote viewing/participation.

Disease, Climate, and the Medieval Environment

Presider: Lori Jones, Carleton Univ. / Univ. of Ottawa

Aztecs before and after the Contact: Changing Environments and Diseases Sandra Guevara, Univ. Nacional Autónoma de México

The Disease Environment of Ancestral West African Towns: The Case of Precolonial Yoruba Society Adebisi Alade, Univ. of Victoria

Healthscaping and Environment in Medieval Sri Lanka Francesco Bianchini, King’s College, Univ. of Cambridge

Fragrant Medicines: Aromatics, Healing, and the Environment in Medieval China Yan Liu, Univ. at Buffalo



Friday, May 12 12:00-1:00 p.m.

Medica Annual Business Meeting Held in Schneider 1280 for remote & in-person participation. (Listed as Valley Dining Center in program but switched to Schneider)

Zoom Meeting https://sunyulster.zoom.us/j/87963489847?pwd=bXc2N0NtSFh2ci9uVEgwcUxRZnFtZz09

Meeting ID: 879 6348 9847

Passcode: 692131

One tap mobile

+16469313860,,87963489847#,,,,*692131# US

+16468769923,,87963489847#,,,,*692131# US (New York)



Friday, May 12 3:30-5:00 p.m.

Session 293 VIRTUAL Schneider 1280 is reserved for remote viewing/participation.

Death and Disease in the Long Middle Ages: Why “Beyond Europe” Matters (A Roundtable)

Presider: Lori Jones, Carleton Univ. / Univ. of Ottawa

Nahyan Fancy, DePauw Univ.

Nukhet Varlik, Rutgers Univ.–Newark

Ann G. Carmichael, Indiana Univ.–Bloomington

Gerard L. Chouin, College of William & Mary

Sandra Guevara, Univ. Nacional Autónoma de México

 

Hygiène et santé au Moyen âge

Hygiene and Health in the Middle Ages

Seminar

The 2023 Birkbeck Medieval Seminar focuses on hygiene in the Middle Ages, considering both attitudes and practices. Contrary to popular perception, this was a subject of great interest to medieval people, who were generally much cleaner than we assume. This interdisciplinary seminar will build on recent studies which have attempted to ‘clean up’ the Middle Ages, showing that medieval Europeans developed sophisticated strategies (informed by a coherent set of beliefs about the relationship between hygiene and health) to keep themselves and their surroundings clean. It will also consider approaches to and experiences of dirtiness, including the ascetic practices of the medieval clergy and archaeological evidence of parasitic infections. ‘Hygiene and Health in the Middle Ages’ will develop our understanding of medieval personal hygiene and public health, especially as they relate to contemporary ideas about health and medicine.

Scheduled Speakers:

Dr Janna Coomans (Utrecht University) Fire and Flow: Sanitation and Community Politics in the Low Countries, 1300-1530

Dr Katherine Harvey (Birkbeck) ‘Tortured by Vermin’: Piety and Personal Hygiene in Later Medieval Europe

Dr Piers Mitchell (University of Cambridge) Parasites and Hygiene in Medieval Europe

Prof. Carole Rawcliffe (UEA) TBC


It is possible to attend either in person (in London) or online; more details and free tickets are available here: https://www.bbk.ac.uk/events/remote_event_view?id=36870

L’ivresse

L’ivresse. Comment nous avons bu, dansé et titubé sur le chemin de la civilisation
 

Edward Slingerland


FYP 

2023

Notre amour de l’ivresse remonte à la nuit des temps... Dans ce récit captivant, Edward Slingerland révèle comment notre désir de nous enivrer a joué un rôle clé dans l’éclosion des civilisations. En s’appuyant sur les découvertes archéologiques, les neurosciences, la génétique et la psychologie sociale, il dresse un panorama complet de la relation entre l’homme et les substances enivrantes en expliquant le rôle central de l’alcool dans notre évolution et notre histoire. À travers les âges, les avantages individuels et sociaux de l’ivresse nous ont permis de surmonter des défis propres à l’humanité : améliorer la créativité, atténuer le stress, instaurer la confiance et favoriser la coopération entre les membres de notre espèce farouchement tribale. Cependant, à forte dose, l’alcool est aussi notre destructeur. C’est le côté obscur de Dionysos. Edward Slingerland montre qu’il est possible de profiter des avantages de l’alcool tout en évitant ses effets pervers. Il fournit un aperçu éclairant des différentes habitudes de consommation des sociétés modernes et met en évidence celles qui sont parvenues à faire de l’alcool notre allié. Cette ode à l’hédonisme montre que s’enivrer de temps en temps est bon pour notre épanouissement, notre vie intime et professionnelle, et notre ouverture aux autres.

 

Edward Slingerland est professeur de philosophie et de psychologie à l’université de la Colombie-Britannique et codirecteur du Centre d’étude de l’évolution humaine, de la cognition et de la culture et directeur de la base de données de l’histoire des religions. Né au Canada, sinologue, diplômé de Princeton, de Stanford et de l’université de Berkeley, Edward Slingerland est un chercheur multirécompensé pour ses travaux.

Une histoire de l'ergot de seigle

Une histoire de l'ergot de seigle. Du mal des ardents au LSD 

 Jean Vitaux

 
Éditeur ‏ : ‎ PUF (mai 2023)
Langue ‏ : ‎ Français
ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-2130842835

L'ergot de seigle est un champignon parasite du seigle responsable de la mort de millions d'être humains au cours des siècles. Son ingestion dans le pain contaminé est à l'origine d'ergotisme aux formes gangréneuse, convulsive mais aussi psychiatrique et obstétricale. Connu dès le Moyen Âge sous le nom de « mal des Ardents » ou « feu de Saint-Antoine », la dernière grande épidémie fut la gangrène des Solognots en 1709. Au Moyen Âge, l'ergotisme fut attribué à la colère divine et on invoqua Saint-Antoine pour la guérir. Sa toxicité fut identifiée au XVIIIe siècle et sa nature mycologique au XIXe siècle. Au XXe siècle, on identifia ses principes actifs dont sont issus des médicaments et une drogue psychoactive redoutable, le L.S.D. L'ergotisme a été incriminé dans de nombreux phénomènes historiques, des mystères d'Eleusis à la sorcellerie et aux possessions diaboliques. Cette mycotoxicose fut la pire des intoxications alimentaires, actuellement quasi-disparue, mais impossible à éradiquer définitivement.

Dr. Cuenca, médecin juif au camp d’Auschwitz

Mon cher Léon: De Salonique à Lausanne. L’itinéraire du Dr. Cuenca, médecin juif au camp d’Auschwitz

Sandra Modiano

 
Éditeur ‏ : ‎ Slakine (17 avril 2023)
Langue ‏ : ‎ Français
Broché ‏ : ‎ 150 pages
ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-2051029278


Une nuit de mars 1943, à Salonique, Léon et Jane Cuenca sont cagoulés et enlevés. Ce qui pourrait être le début d’un roman policier est l’histoire vraie d’un médecin et de sa femme, juifs, kidnappés par la Gestapo. Près d’un siècle plus tard, l’enquête est rouverte. Les dossiers s’empilent, non pas dans un commissariat mais dans la salle à manger de leur petite-nièce, Sandra Modiano, qui, au travers d’une lettre à son grand-oncle, retrace le fil de cette histoire dans la grande Histoire. De Salonique à Leysin, puis d’Auschwitz à Lausanne. Un hommage à cet homme, à sa famille et à son parcours. Celui d’un médecin respecté, courageux, qui au travers de ces lignes reprend vie. Un voyage dans le temps, brouillant toutes les pistes entre le passé et le présent.