L'esclavage et l'invention de la psychiatrie aux États-Unis

The Peculiar Institution and the Making of Modern Psychiatry, 1840–1880

Wendy Gonaver

The University of North Carolina Press
Hardcover ISBN: 978-1-4696-4843-9
Published: March 2019

Though the origins of asylums can be traced to Europe, the systematic segregation of the mentally ill into specialized institutions occurred in the United States only after 1800, just as the struggle to end slavery took hold. In this book, Wendy Gonaver examines the relationship between these two historical developments, showing how slavery and ideas about race shaped early mental health treatment in the United States, especially in the South. She reveals these connections through the histories of two asylums in Virginia: the Eastern Lunatic Asylum in Williamsburg, the first in the nation; and the Central Lunatic Asylum in Petersburg, the first created specifically for African Americans. Eastern Lunatic Asylum was the only institution to accept both slaves and free blacks as patients and to employ slaves as attendants.

Drawing from these institutions' untapped archives, Gonaver reveals how slavery influenced ideas about patient liberty, about the proper relationship between caregiver and patient, about what constituted healthy religious belief and unhealthy fanaticism, and about gender. This early form of psychiatric care acted as a precursor to public health policy for generations, and Gonaver's book fills an important gap in the historiography of mental health and race in the nineteenth century.

Genre et trauma

Gender and Trauma: Material, Methods, Media

Call for papers

2019 Great Lakes History Conference, Grand Valley State University

September 20–21, 2019 Grand Rapids, Michigan


Co-organized by Jason Crouthamel (Grand Valley State University), Julia B. Köhne (Humboldt University in Berlin), Peter Leese (University of Copenhagen) and Ville Kivimäki (University of Tampere, Finland).

Sponsored by the Grand Valley State University Department of History, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences (CLAS), and in conjunction with the Michigan Council for History Education (MCHE).

Specialists in trauma studies and gender studies have collaborated to produce innovative research on war, genocide and other sites of extreme violence. Building bridges between scholars in trauma research and gender studies leads to important discoveries finding new source bases, methods and directions of inquiry, opens up new areas of research and raises critical questions. This conference aims to: 

1. Foster interdisciplinary dialogue between scholars in history, literature, media  (film/popular and fine arts) studies, psychology, sociology, culture studies, women and gender studies and other fields.

2. Share new sources, topoi and approaches in gender and trauma research.

3. Explore the different ways in which concepts of ‘masculinity,’ ‘femininity,’ or ‘queerness’ are shaped and affected by traumatic events (including war, genocide, economic crisis, environmental disaster, domestic violence and other forms of violence).

4. Explore and debate unconventional trajectories and tendencies in historiography and theory on gender and trauma.

5. Build connections between scholars and the public/community in discussions of gender and trauma as they relate to historical and contemporary sociopolitical issues.


We invite applicants who are interested in any topics related to trauma studies and gender studies (or who specialize in one or the other and would like to build interrelations between the two fields) across regional, national, chronological, disciplinary as well as taboo and other boundaries. We encourage a broad range of scholars, teachers and activists/policy-makers to send a proposal. Topics may include but are not limited to the following:

• Analysis of gendered or sexualized violence in a variety of geographical and cultural contexts
• Representations of gender, sexuality and trauma in (audio-)visual media
• Gender and trauma in political (postcolonial), medical and military discourse
• The impact of gender studies on military history (and vice versa)
• Trauma, gender and memory
• Gender analysis and narratives of trauma (archival, literary and cinematic sources)
• Theoretical inquiry into gender and trauma as categories of knowledge and analysis (intersections between sex, gender, class, race, age, disability etc.)

One of the keynotes for the conference will be Professor Pumla Gobodo-Madikizela, Professor and Research Chair for Historical Trauma and Transformation in the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa. Her ​work explores ways in which the impact of the dehumanizing experiences of oppression and violent abuse continues to play out in the next generation in the aftermath of historical trauma. She also analyzes the relationship between remorse and forgiveness after historical trauma, and examines what she terms “reparative humanism” as an alternative to the notions of “healing” and “closure.” Her critically acclaimed work includes A Human Being Died that Night: A South African Story of Forgiveness, which explores the interweaving of guilt, shame and remorse on the one hand, and trauma and forgiveness on the other. The book won the Christopher Award in the United States and the Alan Paton Prize in South Africa.

Our second keynote is Dagmar Herzog, who is Distinguished Professor of History and Daniel Rose Faculty Scholar at the Graduate Center, City University of New York. She writes and teaches on the history of the Holocaust and its aftermath, the histories of religion and Jewish-Christian relations, and the histories of gender and sexuality. She is the author, most recently, of Cold War Freud: Psychoanalysis in an Age of Catastrophes (Cambridge, 2017), Unlearning Eugenics: Sexuality, Reproduction, and Disability in Post-Nazi Europe (Wisconsin, 2018), and Sexuality in Europe: A Twentieth Century History (Cambridge, 2011).

The conference encourages diverse session formats, including workshops, roundtables and traditional panels. We encourage individual proposals as well as workshop or panel proposals. In your application, please indicate the kind of format you would like for your session:
Proposals for individual papers should include a 300-word abstract and one-page CV.
Proposals for panels should include 300-word abstracts and a short CV for each panelist, as well as a brief description of the overall panel.
Proposals for workshops and roundtables can vary in size and format (e.g. pre-circulated papers, structured discussion, etc.). Workshop and roundtable proposals should include a 300-word abstract about the goals of the session, a list of participants (with their email addresses and affiliation) and a one-page CV of the session organizer.

Please email proposals to Jason Crouthamel (crouthaj@gvsu.edu) by April 30, 2019. Candidates will be selected and contacted regarding acceptance shortly thereafter. Please contact Jason Crouthamel if you have any questions.


Contact Info:

Professor Jason Crouthamel, Grand Valley State University, (616) 331-3298
Contact Email:
crouthaj@gvsu.edu

URL:
http://www.gvsu.edu/history

La peste noire dans le Moyen orient

The Black Death in the Middle East 

Michael Walters Dols

Series: Princeton Legacy Library (Book 5353)

Hardcover: 408 pages

Publisher: Princeton University Press (January 29, 2019)

Language: English

ISBN-13: 978-0691657042

In the middle of the fourteenth century a devastating epidemic of plague, commonly known in European history as the "Black Death," swept over the Eurasian continent. This book, based principally on Arabic sources, establishes the means of transmission and the chronology of the plague pandemic's advance through the Middle East.

The prolonged reduction of population that began with the Black Death was of fundamental significance to the social and economic history of Egypt and Syria in the later Middle Ages. The epidemic's spread suggests a remarkable destruction of human life in the fourteenth century, and a series of plague recurrences appreciably retarted population growth and the following century and a half, impoverishing Middle Eastern society. Social reactions illustrate the strength of traditional Muslism values and practices, social organization, and cohesiveness. The sudden demographic decline brought about long-term as well as immediate economic adjustments in land values, salaries, and commerce.

Michael W. Dols is Assistant Professor of History at California State University, Hayward.

Originally published in 1977.

The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Le corps et l'environnement construit au 19e siècle

The Body & the Built Environment in the Long Nineteenth Century

Call for papers

Tuesday 25 June 2019

Durham University

The period between 1750 and 1918 is widely acknowledged to have been one of dramatic societal and cultural change, not least in terms of people’s experience of the spaces in which they lived. The unparalleled urbanisation that took place over the course of the long nineteenth century necessitated new ways of existing in increasingly built up environments. The move to such locations demanded new habits, routines, and modes of movement, all of which had a discernible impact on the body. As Elizabeth Grosz points out, ‘through exercise and habitual patterns of movement, through negotiating its environment whether this be rural or urban […] [that] the body is more or less marked, constituted as appropriate, or, as the case may be, an inappropriate body for its cultural requirements’ (1994). Where, for example, the navigation of uneven rural terrain would have strengthened certain muscles, the negotiation of flat, urban streets produced a markedly different body. Beyond the purely muscular level, the countless cultural elements of the nineteenth century city also impacted in numerous ways upon the embodied subject.

This one-day interdisciplinary symposium invites papers that explore how the shifting relationship between the body and the built environment was interrogated in literature and culture of the long nineteenth century. The symposium aims to stimulate academic discussion on a range of topics relating to embodiment and architectural space in the period ranging from 1750-1920. As such, we welcome papers from those working in the fields of Literature, History, Medical Humanities, Geography, Architecture, Philosophy, Film and Media, Psychology, Modern Languages, Gender/Women’s Studies, Law, and Politics.

Paper topics might include, but are not limited to, considerations of: questions of ownership and access; health; urban planning; agoraphobia and other spatially related disorders; sensory perception; the diseased body; policing, surveillance, and public order/disorder; sanitation and pollution; and phenomenological approaches to the body and space.

Potential research questions might include:

- In what ways did the built environment either encourage or preclude access to certain kinds of bodies in the long nineteenth century?

- How was the relationship between the embodied subject and architectural space interrogated in literature and culture of the period?

- What impact did scientific and medical advances in the understanding of the human body have on the construction and/or organisation of the built environment?

Please send abstracts of 250 words for 20-minute papers to: bodybuiltenvironment@gmail.com by 19 April 2019. For further details, visit: http://bodybuiltenvironment.wordpress.com˜



This event is supported by the Centre for Nineteenth Century Studies, and is presented in association with the Institute for Medical Humanities at Durham University.

Les cultures du soin depuis le Moyen-âge

Cultures of Healing: Medieval and After 

Peregrine Horden

Series: Variorum Collected Studies (Book 1073)

Hardcover: 390 pages

Publisher: Routledge; 1 edition (February 11, 2019)

Language: English

ISBN-13: 978-1472456144

This volume brings together for the first time an updated collection of articles exploring poverty, poor relief, illness, and health care as they intersected in Western Europe, the Mediterranean and the Middle East, during a ‘long’ Middle Ages. It offers a thorough and wide-ranging investigation into the institution of the hospital and the development of medicine and charity, with focuses on the history of music therapy and the history of ideas and perceptions fundamental to psychoanalysis.

The collection is both sequel and complement to Horden’s earlier volume of collected studies, Hospitals and Healing from Antiquity to the Later Middle Ages (2008). It will be welcomed by all those interested in the premodern history of healing and welfare for its breadth of scope and scholarly depth.

Histoires d'eaux

Histoires d'eaux

Festival Histoire et Cité

Genève, Confédération Suisse 

Du 27 au 30 mars 2019

Le Festival Histoire et Cité s’intéresse cette année aux « Histoires d’eaux », du 27 au 31 mars. Conférences, débats, projections de films, présentations de livres, expositions et performances au programme de cette quatrième édition. Jetez-vous à l’eau avec les passionnés d’histoire à Genève, à Lausanne et à Sion!

Faisant la part belle aux réalités locales, sa programmation s’organise autour de cinq axes: H2O (enjeux environnementaux et composition hydrique); La Gouvernance de l’eau (usages juridiques, sociaux, économiques et politiques); Les Peuples de l’eau (communautés humaines à vocation aquatique); L’Imaginaire de l’eau (les représentations, les mythes et les symboles); Eaux de vie, eaux de mort (hygiène, santé, risques et fléaux).

Indispensable à la vie, l’eau a influencé le développement des sociétés humaines, leurs migrations et la manière dont elles se sont pensées. De l’installation des premiers campements paléolithiques à proximité des points d’eau aux rivalités entre peuples pour le contrôle des oasis, des rivières et des ports, des premiers travaux d’irrigation et d’aménagement des fleuves à l’émergence des grandes civilisations, les enjeux aquatiques sont déterminants et toujours d’actualité.

Jeudi 28 mars

Soirée d'ouverture « La planète rend l'eau »

18h Sécheresses et inondations, sommes nous condamnés à l’effondrement? Un débat urgent entre chercheurs et personnalités médiatiques.

Avec Dominique Bourg, François Jarrige, Audrey Pulvar.

Modération: Alexis Favre

Vendredi 29 mars

14h Table-ronde « Le Léman sortant de ses deux rives. Le Tsunami de 563 »

Des études géologiques sur les fonds sous-lacustres ont mis à jour les traces oubliées d’une vague géante sur le lac Léman.

Avec Justin Favrod, Stéphanie Girardclos.

Modération: Patrizia Birchler-Emery

14h Table ronde « Les bains à Genève, hygiène et convivialité (XVe – XIXe siècles) », Cité lacustre et fluviale, Genève entretient depuis des siècles des rapports privilégiés à l’eau.

Avec Philip Rieder, David Ripoll, Sonia Vernhes-Rappaz.

Modération: Federica Tamarozzi

14h Livres en scène « Les routes de la soie passées, présentes et futures ». Après le succès mondial de son livre, "Les Routes de la soie", l’historien Peter Frankopan vient à la rencontre du public genevois.

Discutant: Xavier Huberson

17h Livres en scène « Les femmes de l'eau »

La journaliste Florence Hervé interroge des femmes entretenant un lien essentiel avec l’eau par leur métier, leur créativité, leur engagement social ou sportif.

Discutante: Brigitte Mantilleri

Samedi 30 mars

9h Café philosophique « Comment faire parler un fleuve, un lac »

Une rencontre exceptionnelle entre l’écrivain et grand voyageur Erik Orsenna et Gilles Mulhauser, «Monsieur eau» du canton de Genève.

12h Rencontre « Le partage littéraire des eaux ». L’écrivain Patrick Chamoiseau s’entretient avec Jérôme David de l’insularité comme ressource esthétique.

14h Conférence « La puissance évocatrice des cités lacutres ». Sur la base de récentes découvertes archéologiques, Marc-Antoine Kaeser déconstruit l’imaginaire entourant les villages littoraux préhistoriques.

14h Table ronde « Les enjeux de l'eau au Moyen-Orient »

Une discussion sur la raréfaction des ressources en eau à travers les cas de l’Égypte, de l’Irak et d’Israël/Palestine.

Avec Habib Ayeb, Géraldine Chatelard, Anita De Donato.

Modération: Alain Gresh

15h30 Table ronde « D’une rive à l'autre, les migrations vers l'Europe »

Trois regards complémentaires sur la « crise migratoire ».

Avec Thomas Bischoff, Maurine Mercier, Akhet Téwendé.

Modération: Isabelle Moncada

Retrouvez le programme complet sur www.histoire-cite.ch

Hippolyte Bernheim (1919-2019) et l’Ecole de Nancy

Hippolyte Bernheim (1919-2019) et l’École de Nancy. Cent ans après, quelle place pour l’hypnose ?

Journée de la Société de Psychiatrie de l’Est 

 

NANCY - 22 mars 2019

Hôtel de Ville, 1 Place Stanislas, 54000 NANCY

 

Il y a cent ans, le 2 février 1919, disparaissait Hippolyte Bernheim et avec lui le chef de fi le de la 1ère École de Nancy dite « École de la suggestion ». Né à Mulhouse en 1840, il suit à Nancy la Faculté de Médecine de Strasbourg en 1872, lors de son transfèrement après l’annexion de l’Alsace par l’Allemagne. Professeur de médecine interne à l’Université de Strasbourg puis de Nancy, Bernheim fait preuve d’audace en introduisant l’hypnose à l’hôpital et à l’université pour en faire un véritable objet scientifique et thérapeutique. Mais il est également un des hommes qui a l’intuition profonde de la psychothérapie. En s’opposant à Charcot, il démontre que l’état hypnotique n’est pas le résultat d’un processus pathologique mais le produit de la suggestion, un processus physiologique accessible à chacun. En développant sa théorie de l’idéo-dynamisme, théorie selon laquelle « toute idée suggérée tend à se faire acte », Bernheim entame une réflexion sur le dialogue entre corps et psychisme, ouverture à la psychosomatique qui intéresse particulièrement Sigmund Freud venu lui rendre visite à Nancy en 1889 avant de se rendre à la Salpêtrière à Paris chez Charcot. En 1891, son ouvrage « Hypnotisme, suggestion et psychothérapie » illustre tout son intérêt pour le processus thérapeutique induit par suggestion, en dehors même de toute transe hypnotique. Il participe alors à consacrer définitivement le terme de psychothérapie.Comprendre le parcours historique de Bernheim, c’est ainsi comprendre comment un phénomène physiologique, l’hypnose, mis au service d’une pratique de soins, devient la base d’une « thérapie de changement ». La pratique actuelle de l’hypnose ne fait pas l’impasse sur un élément fondamental, la relation humaine et trouve, voire retrouve, une place importante tant en psychiatrie que dans des disciplines médicales somatiques. Sur cette base, elle peut contribuer à soigner des pathologies psychiatriques, à l’exemple entre autres de l’anorexie mentale mais trouve aussi toute sa pertinence dans le dialogue entre corps et psychisme, permettant ainsi de maîtriser certains processus douloureux. Ses développements, depuis ces dernières décennies notamment, sont majeurs et interrogent aujourd’hui les modalités de la pratique de l’hypnose au sein de l’hôpital et ce qu’elle sera à l’avenir. Ce sont ces questions qui feront l’objet des travaux de la Journée de printemps de la Société de Psychiatrie de l’Est. 

 

Sous la présidence du Pr. Michel LAXENAIRE

 

Formation : N° d’enregistrement 53 35 09207 35

contact@psyest.fr

 

Salle Chepfer

 

8h15Accueil des participants

 

8h30 Ouverture de la journée : Mme le Pr Anne DANION-GRILLIAT, Présidente de la Société de Psychiatrie de l’Est M. le Pr Michel LAXENAIRE, Président de la Journée etM. le Pr Vincent LAPREVOTE,Centre Psychothérapique de Nancy

 

9h00-9h30 L’hypnose, une dynamique relationnelle

Antoine BIOY,Paris, Professeur des universités en psychologie clinique et psychopathologie - Université de Paris 8. Conseiller scientifi que pour l’UNESCO (chaire 918), la Fondation de France et l’institut Ipnosia

 

9h40-10h10 Bernheim au sein de l’Ecole de Nancy

Serge NICOLAS, Paris, Professeur de psychologie cognitive et d’histoire de la psychologie à l’Université Paris Descartes. Membre senior de l’Institut Universitaire de France

 

10h20-10h45 Pause 

 

10h45-11h15 Les thérapies issues de l’hypnose et l’anorexie mentale +

Julien BETBEZE, Nantes, Psychiatre des Hôpitaux, Pédopsychiatre, Responsable pédagogique de l’institut Milton Erickson, formateur en hypnose, thérapies brèves et thérapie familiale

 

11h25-12h05 L’hypnose aux portes de la psychanalyse

Michel PATRIS, Strasbourg, Professeur honoraire de Psychiatrie, Président de l’Ecole Psychanalytique de Strasbourg 

 

Modérateur : Pr Raymund SCHWAN, Nancy

 

Buffet sur place (sur inscription)

 

Modérateur : Dr Amaury MENGIN, Strasbourg 

 

14h15-14h45 Hypnose du futur et futur de l’hypnose : faut-il revenir à Bernheim et à Nancy ? Philippe AIM, Paris, Psychiatre et Psychothérapeute, Directeur de l’Institut UTHyL, formateur en hypnose et thérapies brèves 

 

14h55-15h25 L’hypnose aux urgences : moins de chimie, un gain de temps

Nazmine GULER, Metz, Médecin urgentiste, Thérapeute Hypnose et Thérapies Brèves, Hôpital de Mercy, CHR Metz-Thionvile 

 

15h35-16h05 Peut-on pratiquer couramment l’hypnose en service hospitalier de psychiatrie ? 

Julie BACHER, Psychiatre, Centre Hospitalier Spécialisé Saint-Ylie, Jura, Vincent LAPREVOTE, Professeur de Psychiatrie, Centre Psychothérapique de Nancy, INSERM U 1114 Neuropsychologie Cognitive et Physiopathologie de la Schizophrénie 

 

16h15 Synthèse et Conclusion

 

Bourse de doctorat sur l'histoire du British Journal of Anaesthesia

Funded PhD Project "The History of the First 100 Years of the British Journal of Anaesthesia"

Call for applications

Sunday, March 31, 2019 

Project Description
Applications are invited for a fully-funded Doctoral Award, supported by the British Journal of Anaesthesia (BJA), to be held at the Centre for the History of Science, Technology & Medicine, University of Manchester, beginning in September 2019.

The BJA has been central to the development of knowledge and practice of anaesthesia across research and education since 1923. Through the 20th century, the specialty broadened to include new sub-specialities of critical care medicine, pain medicine and perioperative medicine, each creating new scientific, practical and ethical challenges for practitioners. This project offers an opportunity to research and study the history of the BJA against the backdrop of wider changes across medicine, science and society to produce new knowledge of its contributions to research, education and practice. The successful candidate will have access to the previously unused archives of the BJA and the support of an Advisory Group included retired and practising anaesthetists. The project will also incorporate oral history and network analysis as methodologies. Its findings will contribute to ongoing scholarship around the history of translational medicine, global medical networks and interactions between education, training and delivery of health services, which will have significant policy impact.

We require an Upper Second-class honours degree or overseas equivalent in an appropriate discipline, which may include humanities or science subjects and a level of research training that will allow the successful candidate to proceed directly to PhD level studies. For information on how to apply for this project, please visit the Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health Doctoral Academy website (https://www.bmh.manchester.ac.uk/study/research/apply/).

Specific enquiries about the project, including further details of the academic content, should be addressed to Dr Stephanie Snow, stephanie.snow@manchester.ac.uk


Funding Notes

Fully funded University of Manchester award with British Journal of Anaesthesia. Studentship funding is for a duration of three years to commence in September 2019 and covers UK/EU tuition fees and an annual minimum stipend (£15,009 per annum 2019/20). On the online application form select PhD History of Science, Technology and Medicine.

As an equal opportunities institution we welcome applicants from all sections of the community regardless of gender, ethnicity, disability, sexual orientation and transgender status. All appointments are made on merit.