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Le blog sera de retour le lundi 14 août. 

Bon été à tous ! 

Thérapie d’occupation à l’Institut Albert -Prévost : sport d’équipe, Vers 1958 (BAnQ)

Une histoire de l'incorporation

Embodiment. A History

Edited by Justin E.H. Smith

Oxford University Press

Published: 29 June 2017
384 Pages
210x140mm
ISBN: 9780190490447

Embodiment—defined as having, being in, or being associated with a body—is a feature of the existence of many entities, perhaps even of all entities. Why entities should find themselves in this condition is the central concern of the present volume. The problem includes, but also goes beyond, the philosophical problem of body: that is, what the essence of a body is, and how, if at all, it differs from matter. On some understandings there may exist bodies, such as stones or asteroids, that are not the bodies of any particular subjects. To speak of embodiment by contrast is always to speak of a subject that variously inhabits, or captains, or is coextensive with, or even is imprisoned within, a body. The subject may in the end be identical to, or an emergent product of, the body. That is, a materialist account of embodied subjects may be the correct one. 

But insofar as there is a philosophical problem of embodiment, the identity of the embodied subject with the body stands in need of an argument and cannot simply be assumed. The reasons, nature, and consequences of the embodiment of subjects as conceived in the long history of philosophy in Europe as well as in the broader Mediterranean region and in South and East Asia, with forays into religion, art, medicine, and other domains of culture, form the focus of these essays. More precisely, the contributors to this volume shine light on a number of questions that have driven reflection on embodiment throughout the history of philosophy. What is the historical and conceptual relationship between the idea of embodiment and the idea of subjecthood? Am I who I am principally in virtue of the fact that I have the body I have? Relatedly, what is the relationship of embodiment to being and to individuality? Is embodiment a necessary condition of being? Of being an individual? What are the theological dimensions of embodiment? To what extent has the concept of embodiment been deployed in the history of philosophy to contrast the created world with the state of existence enjoyed by God? What are the normative dimensions of theories of embodiment? To what extent is the problem of embodiment a distinctly western preoccupation? Is it the result of a particular local and contingent history, or does it impose itself as a universal problem, wherever and whenever human beings begin to reflect on the conditions of their existence? 

Ultimately, to what extent can natural science help us to resolve philosophical questions about embodiment, many of which are vastly older than the particular scientific research programs we now believe to hold the greatest promise for revealing to us the bodily basis, or the ultimate physical causes, of who we really are?

Contributors

Series Editor's Foreward

Introduction, Justin E.H. Smith

1. "The Body of Western Embodiment: Classical Antiquity and the Early History of a Problem" Brooke Holmes

2. "Embodied or Ensouled: Aristotle on the Relation of Soul and Body" Helen Lang

3. "Asceticism and Aestheticism: The Paradox of Embodiment in Plotinus' Enneads" Lesley-Anne Dyer Williams

4. "Augustinian Puzzles about Body, Soul, Flesh, and Death" Sarah Byers

5. "Medieval Jewish Philosophers and the Human Body" Yoav Meyrav

6. "Scholastic Philosophers on the Role of the Body in Knowledge" Rafael Nájera

7. "Hobbes's Embodied God" Geoffrey Gorham

8. "Leibniz's View of Individuals: Nested or Embodied Individuals" Ohad Nachtomy

9. "Descartes and Spinoza: Two Approaches to Embodiment" Alison Peterman

10. "Man-Machines and Embodiment: From Cartesian Physiology to Claude Bernard's 'Living Machine'" Philippe Huneman and Charles T. Wolfe

11. "The Embodiment of Virtue: Towards a Cross-Cultural Cognitive Science" Jake H. Davis

Reflections 

1. "The Devil in the Flesh: On Witchcraft and Possession" Véronique Decaix

2. "Phantom Limbs" Stephen Gaukroger

3. "Embodied Geometry in Early Modern Theatre" Yelda Nasifoglu

4. "Ghosts in the Celestial Machine: Embodiment in the Late Renaissance" Jonathan Regier

5. "The Genotype/Phenotype Distinction" Emily Herring

La vie, la science et le pouvoir dans l'histoire asiatique

Life, Science and Power in History

Call for papers for a special issue of the EASTS Journal

Deadline for submissions: September 30, 2017

In the twenty-first century, East Asian societies encounter diverse predicaments in terms of modern science, technologies, and medicine. Since the late twentieth century, organ transplantation, genome research and euthanasia have been argued widely in the politics, society, and culture of countries in East Asia. The research environment around science and technology became more competitive, which sometime caused manipulation of, or fabrication of, experimental results. In 2011 Japan experienced a series of breakdown of nuclear power plants in Fukushima, in which extensive parts of east Japan struggle with radioactive contamination. All these situations urge us to reconsider our belief in, and ethics of, life, science and power. It is certainly necessary that science and technology studies and medical humanities consider this topic. 

This special issue “Life, Science and Power in History and Philosophy” is to re-construct, extend, and develop the humanities perspectives to understand medicine in East Asia. In so doing, it promotes further development of interdisciplinary studies of science, technology and medicine from the viewpoints of humanities. Papers will examine modern medicine in East Asia from for perspectives, namely, 1) philosophical dimensions, 2) cultural dimensions, 3) social dimensions, 4) epistemological dimensions. 

Among the questions that papers might explore are:

* What, if any, are the unique features related to the issue of “life, science and power” in East Asia?

* Are recent incidents related to the issue of “life, science and power” in East Asia?

* How has the political, economic, social, philosophical and cultural environment in East Asia contributed to the issue of “life, science and power” in this region?

* How have we thought of biopolitics and biopower oriented by Michel Foucault in East Asia?

* How have the scientific community, research institutes, and the state responded to the issue of “life, science and power” in East Asia?

We welcome papers from a range of disciplines, including STS, sociology, history, and anthropology.

Papers should be between 8,000 and 12,000 words including reference and other text, clearly addressing the theme and focus of the subject issue. Please submit your paper to BOTH of the following e-mails: eastsjournal@gmail.comAND atakabayashi@rikkyo.ac.jp. Please indicate in the email title that your submission is for the Life, Science and Power in History special issue.

For inquiries concerning the themes of this issue, please contact Dr. Akinobu Takabayashi at atakabayashi@rikkyo.ac.jp. For other editorial inquiries, please contact Ms. Yen Ke at eastsjournal@gmail.com.

East Asian Science, Technology and Society (EASTS) is an interdisciplinary quarterly journal based in Taiwan and co-edited by editorial boards in Taiwan, Japan, South Korea, and the West. For more about the journal: https://www.dukeupress.edu/East-Asian-Science-Technology-and-Society

La bibliothèque nationale de médecine

U.S. National Library of Medicine 

Jeffrey S. Reznick & Kenneth M. Koyle

Series: Images of America

Hardcover: 128 pages

Publisher: Arcadia Publishing (June 26, 2017)

Language: English

ISBN-13: 978-1467126083

The US National Library of Medicine, on the campus of the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland, has been a center of information innovation since its beginnings in the early 19th century. The world's largest medical library and a federal government agency, it maintains and makes publicly available a diverse and world-renowned collection of materials dating from the 11th to the 21st centuries, and it produces a variety of electronic resources that millions of people around the globe search billions of times each year. The library also supports and conducts research, development, and training in biomedical informatics and health information technology, and it coordinates the National Network of Libraries of Medicine that promotes and provides access to health information in communities across the United States. As the library anticipates its third century of public service, this book offers a visual history of its development from its earliest days through the late 20th century, as the institution has involved generations of visionary leaders and dedicated individuals who experienced the American Civil War, the world wars, the Cold War, and the dawn of the information age.

Bourses de la bibliothèque de la NYAM

New York Academy of Medicine Library History of Medicine Fellowships 


Call for applications

Applications are currently being accepted for the 2018 cycle of the New York Academy of Medicine Library’s History of Medicine fellowships. The fellowships support the advancement of scholarly research in the history of medicine and public health. Fellowship recipients are in-house scholars who conduct research using the Academy’s collections and resources. Information about the two residential fellowships, along with application materials and instructions for applying can be found at https://www.nyam.org/awards-grants/library-fellowships/

Questions about the fellowships or about the application process may be directed to Arlene Shaner, Historical Collections Librarian, at ashaner@nyam.org or 212-822-7313.

End: August 25, 2017

Contact: ashaner@nyam.org

More Info: https://www.nyam.org/awards-grants/library-fellowships/

Situer l'histoire de l'écologie

Spatializing the History of Ecology: Sites, Journeys, Mappings 

Raf de Bont & Jens Lachmund (Editors)

Series: Routledge Studies in the History of Science, Technology and Medicine

Hardcover: 250 pages

Publisher: Routledge; 1 edition (June 28, 2017)

Language: English

ISBN-13: 978-1138727038

Throughout its history, the discipline of ecology has always been profoundly entangled with the history of space and place. On the one hand, ecology is a field science that has thrived on the study of concrete spatial entities, such as islands, forests or rivers. These spaces are the workplaces in which ecological phenomena are identified, observed and experimented on. They provide both epistemic opportunities and constraints that structure the agenda and the analytical sensibilities of ecological researchers. On the other hand, ecological knowledge and practices have become important resources through which spaces and places are classified, delineated, explained, experienced and managed. The impact of these activities reaches far beyond the realms of the ecological discipline. Many ecological concepts such as "biotopes," "ecosystems" and "the biosphere" have become entities that widely resonate in public life and policy making. 

This book explores the mutual entanglement between space and knowledge-making in the history of ecology. Its first goal is to explore to which extent a spatial perspective can shed new light on the history of ecological science. Second, it uses ecology as a critical site to gain broader insights into the history of the environment in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Via a series of case studies – discussing topics that range from ecological field stations in the early-twentieth century Caribbean over wisent breeding in Nazi Germany to computer modelling in North American deserts – the book offers a tour through the changing landscapes of modern ecology.

Les politiques du corps

The Body Politics: States in the History of Medicine and Health

Conference

European Association for the History of Medicine and Health

August 30th- September 2nd
Bucharest

Program is here : http://eahmhconference2017.ro/programme/

This is the first EAHMH biennial conference to be hosted in Eastern Europe. To date, Eastern Europe has received only limited attention from medical historians. Due to large political shifts, the history of the region is embracing new opportunities. While detailed regional studies are still required to uncover the pathways and processes of knowledge construction, the conference intends to foster discussions about how historians have considered the role of power and politics in the construction of medical knowledge. 

The state, as we have come to know it, is very much a 19th-century creation. After poverty, ill health was the dominant social issue targeted by the interventions of emerging – states. Following the principle of the fair allocation of resources to meet basic social and economic needs, many countries introduced collective funding of health care in the 19th century. National healthcare systems came to epitomise the principle that all citizens have an equal right to health and that costs should be shared equitably. At the end of WWII, the WHO defined health as a universal human right. In the UN’s Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), it was proclaimed that “everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including medical care”. Over the course of the 20th century, health and disease have become a matter of direct concern for the state. As an aspect of democratic citizenship, the provision of medical care is not considered a favour, but a civil right guaranteed by the state.

In recent decades, we have witnessed a globalisation of disease patterns, the rise of chronic disease, rapid technological change, spiralling healthcare costs, and the demise of the nation state. From 1990 onwards, we have seen heated public and political debates about the organisation and financing of collective healthcare. One key question has been: to what extent can the state be held responsible for the health of citizens and the practice of medicine? In many countries, collective arrangements were critically reconsidered, reformed or transferred to “the market”. Rationalisation and commercialisation brought in managers, who took control from professionals, creating new bureaucracies that to a large extent withdrew from democratic supervision. Triggered by the crisis of the welfare state since the 1980s and by the reassessment of the system of nation states since 1989, this conference sets out to rethink the role of the state in the domain of healthcare.

Cancer, radiation et marché

Cancer, Radiation Therapy, and the Market

Barbara Bridgman Perkins

Series: Routledge Studies in the History of Science, Technology and Medicine

Hardcover: 250 pages

Publisher: Routledge; 1 edition (June 28, 2017)

Language: English

ISBN-13: 978-1138285248

Appraising cancer as a major medical market in the 2010s, Wall Street investors placed their bets on single-technology treatment facilities costing $100-$300 million each. Critics inside medicine called the widely-publicized proton-center boom "crazy medicine and unsustainable public policy." There was no valid evidence, they claimed, that proton beams were more effective than less costly alternatives. But developers expected insurance to cover their centers’ staggeringly high costs and debts. Was speculation like this new to health care?

Cancer, Radiation Therapy, and the Market shows how the radiation therapy specialty in the United States (later called radiation oncology) coevolved with its device industry throughout the twentieth-century. Academic engineers and physicians acquired financing to develop increasingly powerful radiation devices, initiated companies to manufacture the devices competitively, and designed hospital and freestanding procedure units to utilize them. In the process, they incorporated market strategies into medical organization and practice. Although palliative benefits and striking tumor reductions fueled hopes of curing cancer, scientific research all too often found serious patient harm and disappointing beneficial impact on cancer survival. This thoroughly documented and provocative inquiry concludes that public health policy needs to re-evaluate market-driven high-tech medicine and build evidence-based health care systems.

La médecine catholique en Belgique et au Congo belge

Catholic Medicine and its Others in Belgium and the Belgian Congo, 1900-1965

Call for applications

(Ref. BAP-2017-423)

Occupation : Full-time

Period : Fixed-term contract extendable

Place : Leuven

Apply no later than : July 31, 2017

For Cultural History since 1750, Leuven we are looking for a doctoral student who will investigate how, between 1900 and 1965, Catholic health care providers in Belgium and the Belgian Congo were active in the field of reproductive health. The research will be supervised by Kaat Wils and Jo Tollebeek, and will result in a doctoral dissertation.

CATHOLIC MEDICINE AND ITS OTHERS IN BELGIUM AND THE BELGIAN CONGO, 1900-1965

The Research Group Cultural History since 1750 investigates the history of knowledge and science, historiography and historical culture, and cultural infrastructure and cultural tranfers, Within the history of science and knowledge, attention is paid to the production, circulation and cultural meanings of knowledge and science in the public domain. Themes such as the formation of disciplines, scientific identities, the popularisation of science, science policy, visual culture and the role of gender and corporeality in the history of science and knowledge are explored.

Website unit

Project

The dissertation is part of a larger research project which inquires into the interaction between Western biomedicine and religion in Belgium and the Belgian Congo between 1900 and 1965. The project focuses on catholic health care providers: their scientific and religious beliefs, their professional identities and their interaction with both non-confessional, sometimes explicitly freethinking colleagues, and protestant missionaries and local healing traditions in the Congo. Two domains will be studied in detail: medical education and reproductive public health. In both cases, the interaction between metropole and colony and the role of evolving Church-State relations will be analyzed. The obtained results will add to our understanding of the ethical challenges that accompanied the rise of 20th century secular medical authority, and to our understanding of the evolving relations between catholic and professional medical identity formation and between colonial and metropolitan medicine.

Profile

You have a passion for historical research and the ambition to become an outstanding researcher.

You have strong academic abilities and you have completed (or are about to complete) a Master in History or an equivalent degree in which a historical and/or science studies perspective played a prominent role.

You can read Dutch and French fluently, and are prepared to publish in English.

You are willing to communicate on your research at conferences, on social media and through publications.

You are ready to participate in some of the teaching activities of the Research Group Cultural History since 1750 (limited teaching assignments).

You are willing to work in team and to play an active role within the research group.

Offer

We offer a four year doctoral scholarship in a young and stimulating research environment.

The initial contract covers 1 year. After positive evaluation, this can be extended with 1 year and subsequently with 2 years.

Interested?

For more information on the content of the project and the function, please contact Prof. dr. Kaat Wils, kaat.wils@kuleuven.be or dr. Joris Vandendriessche, joris.vandendriessche@kuleuven.be.

Candidates are invited to submit their application in English, Dutch or French, consisting of:

- a cv, including a detailed list of marks/grades of bachelor and master studies

- a letter of motivation stating the candidate's qualifications and reasons for interest in the position

- one writing sample, in pdf (published article, MA thesis chapter, ...)

- the contact information of two references (including information on relationship with the applicant).

Interviews with a selection of the applicants are scheduled August 17 in the afternoon. Candidates who are selected will be notified early August. At that moment, they will receive a small writing assignment which is due August 11.

You can apply for this job no later than July 31, 2017 via the  online application tool

Les politiques de reproduction

The Politics of Reproduction: Race, Disease, and Fertility in the Age of Abolition

Katherine Paugh

Series: The Past and Present Book Series

Hardcover: 304 pages

Publisher: Oxford University Press; 1 edition (June 27, 2017)

Language: English

ISBN-13: 978-0198789789

The fertility of Afro-Caribbean women's bodies was at the crux of visions of economic success elaborated by many British politicians, planters, and doctors during the age of abolition. Reformers hoped that a home-grown labor force would obviate the need for the Atlantic slave trade. By establishing the ubiquity of visions of fertility and subsequent economic growth during the age of abolition, The Politics of Reproduction sheds fresh light on the oft-debated question of whether abolitionism was understood by contemporaries as economically beneficial to the British Empire. At the same time, Katherine Paugh makes novel assertions about the importance of Britain's colonies in the emergence of population as a political problem. The need to manipulate the labor market in Britain's Caribbean colonies prompted crucial innovations in governmental strategies for managing reproduction. While assessing the politics of reproduction in the British Empire and its Caribbean colonies as a whole, the study also focuses in on the island colony of Barbados in order to explore the politics of reproduction within the British Caribbean. By recounting the remarkable story of an enslaved midwife and her family, The Politics of Reproduction explores the deployment of plantation management policies designed to promote fertility during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Along the way, the volume draws on a wide variety of sources, including debates in the British Parliament and the Barbados House of Assembly, the records of Barbadian plantations, tracts about plantation management published by doctors and plantation owners, and missionary records related to the island of Barbados.

Histoire du transgenre

Transgender Histories

Call for papers

Editors: Rachel Cleves, Alexie Glover, and Scott Larson

Popular associations between transgender and the future pose a serious challenge to historians of the transgender past. Transgender rights have been dubbed the “next civil rights frontier,” as increasing numbers of people lay claim to transgender and non-binary identities and expressions. But, contemporary claims for trans futures, which offer key ways of reimagining gender and gender variance, may have the unintended shadow effect of imposing an imagined stable gender binary on an undifferentiated past.

Given the tight association between concepts of transgender and imagined futures, frontiers, and new generations, how might historians make sense of trans in past tenses? How might we understand the formation of trans in earlier time periods and different cultural locations? How has gender variance, more broadly, shaped, challenged, and diverged from trans as a category of identity and lens of historical analysis?Gay rights activists Sylvia Ray Rivera, Marsha P. Johnson, Barbara Deming, and Kady Vandeurs at City Hall rally for gay rights. (New York Public Library Digital Collections).

This CFP invites contributions that uncover the transformative dimensions of the past, and shed light on the instabilities, slippages, and blurring of gender binaries in diverse times and places. How can we expand our understanding of trans and gender non-conforming people in the past and present? What does trans as a framework of analysis tell us about the history of gender and sexuality more broadly?

We are seeking short submissions (1000 – 1500 words) exploring trans histories. We are looking for work that engages with trans experience in the distant and not-so-distant past. We encourage interdisciplinary submissions. We welcome blog posts, interviews with scholars, archivists, and activists. Please submit essays to amglover@uvic.ca by September 15, 2017. All NOTCHES submissions go through a peer review process.

Possible topics for exploration:

• Gender variance beyond transgender
• Transformations of race, class, ability, & other categories of identity/experience
• Law, state violence, carceral histories, and histories of hate crimes legislation
• Formation of and resistance to identity categories
• Archival practices in trans history
• Tension between changing gender and challenging gender
• Gender transgressions versus gender variations

Style and image guidelines:

• Submissions should be written for a non-specialist and international audience. Therefore, avoid jargon and use hyperlinks wherever possible to clarify terms or concepts that may be unfamiliar to a general readership.
• Include at least one relevant image for which you have obtained permission and caption your image with clear attribution information. We also welcome your use of a range of sources such as movies or sound files.
• Include a short author bio including hyperlinks with your submission.
• For more information see our submission guidelines.

Jules Dejerine (1849-1917)

Colloque Jules Dejerine (1849-1917)

Revue Neurologique- Vol 173 - Supplément 1 - février 2017


Jules et Augusta Dejerine : biographies croisées
Michel Fardeau

L’éviction d’Augusta de la Salpêtrière et la Fondation Dejerine
Jacqueline Mikol

La dynastie Vulpian face à l’école Charcot
Bernard Brais

Jean-Martin Charcot et l’ouverture de la faculté de médecine aux femmes-médecins
Christopher G. Goetz

La querelle de l’aphasie
Bernard Lechevalier

De l’anatomie des Dejerine aux données actuelles de l’imagerie cérébrale (le cas Courrière)
Laurent Cohen

Des données de Dejerine sur l’alexie à leur application à la langue japonaise
Makoto Iwata

Dejerine : le concept de neuropathie périphérique
Jean-Michel Vallat, Stéphane Mathis

Jules Dejerine, André-Thomas et la pathologie du cervelet
Emmanuel Broussolle

Jules Dejerine, dans la Chaire d’Histoire de la Médecine
Jacques Poirier

Dejerine et les psychonévroses
Philippe Mazet

Les Dejerine pendant la guerre de 1914–1918
Olivier Walusinski

L’œuvre de Jules et Augusta Dejerine dans son contexte historique
Laura Bossi

Le genre et la santé mentale dans l'Ouest de l'Écosse

Gender and Mental Health in the West of Scotland c.1970-c.1990

Call for applications


Title: Gender and Mental Health in the West of Scotland c.1970-c.1990

Partners: University of Glasgow, University of Strathclyde, Scottish Mental Health Foundation

Location: University of Glasgow

Summary: From the 1970s many West of Scotland communities experienced the profound structural changes that we now call de-industrialisation. The loss of employment in the heavy and extractive industries had a significant public health impact upon the men and women of those communities in terms of their physical but also mental wellbeing. This project, situated at the intersection between gender history and health history and profiting from the experience of a leading mental health advocacy organisation, will explore the relationship between deindustrialisation and mental illness, determining in particular how gender affected the ability of individuals to adapt to such momentous changes in their social, economic and emotional lives.

Aims & Objectives:
Provide an historical understanding of the relationship between mental health outcomes and gender identities and roles and to inform current policy and practice in mental health provision.
Provide historical insights into the ‘Glasgow Effect’, by bringing together research on health and wellbeing and gender
Work with the Mental Health Foundation Scotland to identify relevant research and practical means of support within these communities as they re-structure.
Produce a series of briefings for the research community on the relationship between gender and mental health in the context of communities undergoing profound economic and social change

Research Question: What can a comparison of working class men and women’s experiences of mental health tell us about the gendering of mental health experience, diagnosis and treatment under conditions of de-industrialisation?

Research Methods: Qualitative and quantitative research methods will be utilised. The primary research will utilise details of work, employment and housing resettlement. Broad patterns of health will be compiled using data from medical journals and the records of medical groups held by NHS Greater Glasgow. Qualitative sources include social work reports and oral history interviews with men, women and medical professionals. Underpinning all of this will be the insights and experience of the Mental Health Foundation who will be able to offer advice and guidance with respect to interpretation and also, in relation to the oral history, practice and ethics.

Supervisors: Lynn Abrams, Professor of Modern History at the University of Glasgow is a leading scholar in the history of gender and in the theory and practice of oral history. She is also a member of the Centre for Gender History. http://www.gla.ac.uk/schools/humanities/staff/lynnabrams/

Matthew Smith is Professor of Health History at the University of Strathclyde and co-Director of the Centre for the Social History of Health and Healthcare. He is a leading historian of medicine with particular expertise in mental health. https://www.strath.ac.uk/staff/smithmatthewdr/

Lee Knifton is Head of The Mental Health Foundation for Scotland where he leads the policy, research, programmes and external relations teams. He has extensive experience of working in the NHS, the University and Third sectors in the field of mental health. https://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/scotland

Entry Requirements: First degree (at least a 2i) in a relevant subject

Masters degree in a relevant subject (awarded or pending)

How to Apply:
Candidates should apply with a letter of application which explains their motivation for applying for this studentship and outlines their relevant skills and experience in relation to this research project. The letter should be accompanied by a full cv and a sample piece of writing (such as a piece of masters coursework, chapter from a dissertation or similar).

Applications should be sent to humanities-scholarships@glasgow.ac.uk by email by 31 July 2017. Please put ‘SGSARCS mental health’ in the Subject line.

Interviews will be held in August.

Informal enquiries can be made to Lynn.abrams@glasgow.ac.uk

Scandales et spectacles nus à la Belle Époque

Uncovering Paris. Scandals and Nude Spectacles in the Belle Époque

Lela F. Kerley

LSU Press
320 pages
June 2017
ISBN 9780807166338

From 1889 to 1914 nude spectacles increased at an astonishing rate as a result of burgeoning artistic experimentation, the commercialization of the female body, and the rise of urban nightlife. In particular, artists’ balls and music halls provided creative spaces in which women, artists, impresarios, and the illustrated press could cast the natural body as a source of sexual pleasure, identity, and reform. Emphasizing the role of erotic entertainment as an outlet and agent of modern sensibilities, Uncovering Paris: Scandals and Nude Spectacles in the Belle Époque offers a fresh approach to important topics of the period—Bohemian artists, the New Woman, and press censorship—and reinterprets them through the lens of la femme nue.

Having inherited her name from the pictorial female Nude and the Nude’s real-life counterpart, the artist’s model, la femme nue operated as a screen onto which various groups projected their artistic drives, sexual desires, monetary interests, and cultural anxieties. A struggle to define pornography and art, freedom and censorship, and public and private spheres ensued among artists, theater directors, and moral leagues as a century-long tradition of equating civilization with clothing broke down in the face of performative challenges. In posing, singing, acting, and dancing in naturalist presentations, the artist’s model-turned-erotic entertainer engendered crises in ways of seeing the female body that contributed to and was indicative of a changing moral climate within which women were accorded more freedom to corporeally express themselves. Once denigrated and denounced as a sign of vulgar working-class sexuality, the revelation of female flesh became an integral aspect of twentieth-century French body culture.

Drawing upon a range of colorful commentaries, dramatic debates, and evocative photos, Lela F. Kerley highlights the importance of nudity in the redrawing of moral boundaries as she uncovers key moments that amounted to a “culture war” in the years leading up to World War I. Through an investigation of street riots, court cases, and anti-pornography campaigns, Uncovering Paris offers an interdisciplinary approach to the scholarship on Belle Époque sexual politics and a rich glimpse into the social construction of morality in Belle Époque France.

Représentations du corps dans les sciences humaines et sociales

Représentations du corps dans les sciences humaines et sociales 

Appel à contributions

Le corps a influencé l’imaginaire des artistes ou des scientistes dès l’Antiquité et jusqu’à nos jours, la notion subissant des modifications en fonction de l’espace mental de chaque époque. Si pour les antiques il était synonyme de la matière et de la faiblesse, en s’opposant à l’esprit et aux vertus, modèle qui s’est propagé jusqu’au Moyen Age, pour l’homme de la Renaissance la suprématie de l’esprit est abandonnée, en faveur de l’étude de la matière. Ainsi, il commence à déchiffrer la morphologie interne du corps, ou il se penche sur l’étude de l’extérieur en essayant de comprendre les malformations ou la maladie. La fascination pour le corps charnel continue jusqu’au XX ème siècle, quand Charcot et Freud sont attirés par la partie invisible du corps et ils découvrent le rôle de l’inconscient. La naissance de la psychanalyse a marqué l’imaginaire corporel, la pudeur excessive étant remplacée par les émotions et l’érotisme, qui ont déclenchée l’orgie moderniste de Baudrillard. Après la Deuxième Guerre Mondiale et l’apparition des régimes totalitaires, qui abolissent la propriété individuelle et la vie privée, les notions de corps et de corporéité reçoivent des nouvelles acceptions. Ainsi, le corps intime est dissous en faveur du corps social, du corps – masse. En dépit de ce changement de perspective, l'homme comprend que le corps reste l'unique possession palpable, qu’il est une réalité à raconter et pas à décrire, sur laquelle on peut expérimenter la liberté intérieure. Mais, le corps est également conçu comme un moyen d’exprimer non-verbalement des vérités interdites par la censure. Par exemple, à l’époque communiste, le corps, soumis aux excès alcooliques et sexuels, aide à créer l'illusion de la désinhibition, de la liberté portée à l'extrême. Maintenant, le défi de l’écrivain est celui de trouver une méthode d’écriture et d’analyse littéraire (la somatographie), qui lui permet de s’échapper aux rigueurs linguistiques pour rendre la sensation même. Cette vision s’oppose à l’image du corps du monde capitaliste, marqué par la schizophrénie, pour laquelle le corps n’est qu’un objet, une machine-désir (Deleuze, Guattari), jamais satisfait.

Quant au posthumanisme, il semble récupérer la curiosité pour l’étude médicale du corps, en analysant cette fois-ci l’augmentation du corps par la technologie prothétique. Des artistes comme Stelarc, fascinés par les découvertes médicales, testent les limites du corps, justement pour comprendre la relation de l’homme avec cet objet ambivalent qui est la prothèse.

Vu que, de nos jours, les concepts de corps et de corporéité soient intensément débattus, le premier numéro de la revue Doc.Eu se propose de réfléchir autour de ces notions qui n’ont pas encore épuisé leurs ressources.

Les axes de réflexion sont : Représentations du corps dans la littérature et les arts Le corps comme marqueur du discours Corps social/corps individuel La maladie et les métamorphoses du corps

Modalités de soumission :
Les articles, rédigés en français, anglais ou roumain, comporteront maximum 8000 signes et ils seront accompagnés par une notice biographique de 5 lignes (comprenant le nom, l’appartenance institutionnelle et l’adresse électronique). Les normes de rédaction seront délivrées à la demande des intéressés. Les articles doivent nous parvenir jusqu’au 14 août 2017 à : doc.eu2018@gmail.com

Calendrier :
Réception de l’article : 14 août 2017 au plus tard
Transmission de l’avis motivé : 15 septembre 2017
Publication du numéro : octobre 2017

Pierre Fidèle Bretonneau

Pierre Fidèle Bretonneau : A l'origine du renouvellement de la pensée médicale

Frédéric-Gaël Theuriau

Éditeur : LE NOUVEL ATHANOR
Co-édition AGA-Athanor

78 pages ; 21 x 14 cm ; broché
ISBN 978-2-35623-075-1

Les contours et les évolutions de l’érudition

Des savants amateurs aux fans experts : contours et évolutions de l’érudition, entre populaire et académique

Appel à communications

16- 17 novembre 2017, MESHS de Lille

Colloque coordonné par Anne Besson et Anne-Gaëlle Weber (Université d’Artois)

Réponses attendues avant le 31 juillet 2017 (résumés de 1000 à 3000 signes, accompagnés d’une courte notice bio-bibliographique).

Le champ de l’expertise critique, entend-on souvent ces dernières années, serait en crise ; du moins subirait-il une profonde mutation, qui conduirait d’une traditionnelle verticalité (le savoir se diffusant de haut en bas, du « sachant » au néophyte) à une nouvelle horizontalité, celle des pairs connectés, des communautés d’amateurs partageant leur intelligence collective, celle des réseaux, sociaux bien sûr. La prégnance d’Internet dans nos vies culturelles est en effet bien identifiée comme la source principale de ce transfert d’influence décisif : des critiques érudits, savants professionnels, et seuls aptes à conférer la légitimité, vers un pouvoir aux consommateurs, lecteurs, joueurs, spectateurs - fans. Au passage, de nouveaux équilibres s’instaurent, donnant plus de visibilité aux productions qu’on qualifiera de « geek », culture populaire et médiatique, goût pour les séries, les genres de l’imaginaire et les œuvres « transgénérationnelles »[1].

Il s’agira durant ce colloque, qui s’inscrit dans le cadre du projet LegiPop (MESHS Lille-Nord de France : voir descriptif ci-dessous), d’interroger de tels constats, pour repenser les contours et évolutions de l’érudition qu’ils sous-entendent.

1. Contours : formes de l’érudition des amateurs

Quelle érudition ? au sujet de quels objets ? selon quels protocoles ? à destination de qui ? On s’intéressera aux formes de savoirs produits par des « amateurs » (par ceux qui, au sens large, ne relèvent pas d’institutions académiques) autour de découvertes savantes ou de productions artistiques, y compris « populaires ». Et à la manière dont ces savoirs se distinguent ou non de la production académique, guettant éventuellement l’émergence d’un type d’érudition spécifique qui se distingue (ou non) de la vulgarisation et des formes académiques. Là sans doute pourront intervenir des analyses historiques des catégories d’amateurs, d’académiciens, de savants, de vulgarisateurs et, plus précisément, des études de la manière dont ils définissent chacun leurs écritures en fonction des publics visés ainsi que la visée de leurs travaux.

Il s’agira donc d’observer notamment comment des domaines traditionnellement mal-aimés du champ culturel (les romans populaires du XIXe siècle, les fascicules bon marché, les magazines pulp, les journaux de bandes dessinées, ou aujourd’hui les médias de flux tels que les soap opera, séries, jeux en ligne) peuvent entraîner l’usage, parmi les lecteurs et les amateurs, de formes ou de protocoles dignes d’une érudition savante.

Le colloque invite ainsi les chercheurs à se pencher sur les données encyclopédiques et les méthodes d’analyse qui ressortent des publications spécialisées contemporaines (par exemple : « Le Rocambole » pour la Société des Amis du Roman populaire, « L’Arc et le Heaume » pour l’association Tolkiendil), ou bien encore des Wikis et autres forums des communautés de public : qui les produit, pourquoi, comment, et surtout à quoi ressemble le résultat, à petite et grande échelle (quels sujets sont traités ou pas, quels protocoles de rédaction, de classement, de validation) ?

On y trouvera sans doute matière à nuancer quelques partis-pris attachés autant à la critique des amateurs (subjectivisme, expression de l’émotivité, point de vue « immergé »…) qu’aux oppositions entre savoirs académiques et savoirs populaires. Quelque part à mi-chemin, seront à prendre en compte les formes d’érudition ludique qui se manifestent dans « l’holmésologie », les « fantheories », la « critique policière » de Pierre Bayard[2] ou plus largement la critique transfictionnelle repérée par Saint-Gelais. On pourra ainsi revenir sur les contours et la définition de la « critique », par-delà les différences entre critique savante, critique populaire, amateurisme, etc…

2. Évolutions : histoire de l’érudition des amateurs

La production d’un savoir érudit par des amateurs n’est pas nouvelle. D’abord conçue pour de petites communautés aux membres également investis, l’érudition spécialisée sur les objets populaires s’est transformée face à l’accès infiniment facilité aux moyens de la mener et de la diffuser via Internet : les passionnés de la première heure se retrouvent à « vulgariser » pour de nouveaux arrivants moins exigeants, et les « Wikipédiens », communauté au coût d’accès élevé en raison des compétences et protocoles complexes qui la régissent, ont symétriquement besoin de citations, et donc de publications universitaires, pour étayer chacune des affirmations de leurs articles.

On ne peut encore que noter l’explosion des contenus justifiant un tel déploiement d’érudition, et cela n’a sans doute rien d’une coïncidence. Le multivers connecté des superhéros de comics n’a jamais été si exploité, les mondes secondaires comme ceux de Tolkien ou à plus forte raison de Georges Martin (encore en cours de déploiement, certains de ses segments sont énigmatiques et aimantent donc l’activité herméneutique), les séries télévisées qui demandent à leur public un investissement majeur : tous ces produits font fonds sur une même expertise toujours plus raffinée chez leur public. Bouclant la boucle, la mise à disposition instantanée de masses de connaissance placées sur le même plan, potentiellement par chacun, pour chacun, conduit la communauté universitaire en sciences humaines à de profonds remaniements de ses pratiques et de ses hiérarchies. L’émergence des cultural studies, puis des fan studies et de la figure de l’« aca-fan » (posture de recherche visant l’hybridation entre « academic » et « fan ») constitue un des signes de cette évolution qui intéresse directement nos réflexions sur la construction de la légitimité culturelle : ces dernières, théorisées il y a plus de 15 ans par Henry Jenkins aux Etats-Unis, se sont plus récemment imposées en France, et il s’agira aussi de faire le point sur ces nouveaux usages.

Il s’agira de mettre en évidence la diversité des formes et des visées du savoir érudit contemporain, en tenant compte de l’évolution des outils de diffusion dont il dispose et de ses conséquences sur les notions d’auteurs, de critiques ou de lecteurs/spectateurs.

Bibliographie : 

Azuma, Hiroki, Génération Otaku, les enfants de la postmodernité, 2001, trad. Corinne Quentin, Paris, Hachette Littératures coll. « Haute tension », 2008.

Bacon-Smith, Camille, Enterprising Women, Television Fandom and the Creation of Popular Myth, Philadelphie, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1992.

Bayard, Pierre, Qui a tué Roger Ackroyd ?, Minuit, 1998 et « Reprise », 2002 ; Enquête sur Hamlet. Le Dialogue de sourds, Minuit, 2002 ; L'Affaire du chien des Baskerville, Minuit, 2008.

Bellavance Guy, Myrtille Valex, Michel Ratté, « Le goût des autres. Une analyse des répertoires culturels des nouvelles élites omnivores », Sociolie et sociétés n° 36.1, 2004, p. 27-59.

Berthou Benoît, « Fiction et forme encyclopédique : Wookieepedia, Dragon Ball Wiki et Cie », Strenæ [En ligne], n°2, 2011. URL : http://strenae.revues.org/420 

Besson, Anne, Constellations. Des mondes fictionnels dans l’imaginaire contemporain, Paris, CNRS Editions, 2015

Bourdaa Mélanie (dir.), « Les fans studies : enjeux et perspectives de la recherche sur les fans en France », Revue Française des sciences de l’information et de la communication n°7, 2015

Bréan Simon, « Les érudits de la science-fiction en France, une tradition critique endogène » et « L’érudition de science-fiction en France : repères bibliographiques », ReS Futurae [En ligne], n°1, 2012. URL : http://resf.revues.org/131 ; http://resf.revues.org/179 

Certeau Michel de, La Culture au pluriel, Paris, Union générale d’édition, 1974, rééd. Luce Giard, Paris, Seuil, 1993

Charpentier Isabelle (dir.), Comment sont reçues les œuvres. Actualités des recherches en sociologie de la réception et des publics, Paris, Créaphis, 2006

Falconer Rachel, The Crossover Novel. Contemporary Children’s Fiction and Its Adult Readership, New York, Routledge, 2008.

Fish, Stanley, Is There a Text in this Class? The Authority of Interpretative Communities, Harvard University Press, 1980 ; Quand lire, c’est faire, L’autorité des communautés interprétatives, éditions des Prairies ordinaires, 2007.

Flichy, Patrick, Le Sacre de l’amateur, Paris, Seuil, 2010.

Harris, Cheryl et Alexander, Alison (éd.), Theorizing Fandom. Fan, Subcultures and Identity, Cresskill, Hampton Press, 1998.

Jenkins, Henry, Textual Poachers. Television Fans and Participatory Culture, éd. augmentée, Londres, Routledge, 2013.

Jenkins, Henry, La culture de la convergence. Des médias au transmédia [2006], trad. de C. Jaquet, Armand Colin, 2013.

Langlet Irène, « Étudier la science-fiction en France aujourd’hui », ReS Futurae [En ligne], n°1, 2012. URL : http://resf.revues.org/181

Le Guern, Philippe (éd.), Les Cultures médiatiques. Culture fan et œuvres cultes,Rennes, PUR, 2002.

Macé, Éric, Les imaginaires médiatiques : une sociologie postcritique des médias, Paris, Amsterdam, 2006.

Migozzi, Jacques & Philippe Le Guern (dir.), Production(s) du populaire, Limoges, PU de Limoges, 2004.

Mittell, John, « Sites of participation: Wiki fandom and the case of Lostpedia », Transformative Works and Cultures, n°3, 2009. URL : http://dx.doi.org/10.3983/twc.2009.0118.

Pasquier, Dominique, Valérie Beaudoin et Tomas Legon, Moi je lui donne 5 sur 5 : paradoxes de la critique amateur en ligne, Paris, Presses des Mines, 2014

Peyron, David, La culture geek, avatar social de la convergence culturelle ?, thèse de doctorat, Lyon 3, décembre 2012.

RESET (« Recherches en sciences sociales sur Internet »), revue en ligne, « La critique culturelle : déclin ou hégémonie ? », n°5, 2016. URL : https://reset.revues.org/620

Saemmer, Alexandra, « La littérature numérique entre légitimation et canonisation », Cultures & Musées, vol. 18, n° 1, 2011, p. 201-223.

Saint-Gelais, Richard, Fictions transfuges. La transfictionnalité et ses enjeux, Paris, Seuil « Poétique », 2011.

Shusterman, Richard, « Légitimer la légitimation de l’art populaire », Politix, vol. 6, n° 24, 1993, p. 153-167.

Weber, Anne-Gaëlle, Nicolas Wanlin, Evelyne Thoizet (dir.), Panthéons littéraires et savants (XIXe- XXe siècles), Arras, Artois Presses Universités, 2012.

Zékian, Stéphane, L’Invention des classiques, Paris, CNRS Editions, 2012.

[1] Sur de telles évolutions, voir en bibliographie quelques références – mais elles sont nombreuses.

[2] Voir le symposium qui lui a récemment été consacré à l’Université du Maine par Caroline Julliot (Le Mans, 30-31 mai).

Psychiatrie à Rio de Janeiro

Reasoning Against Madness: Psychiatry and the State in Rio de Janeiro, 1830-1944 

Manuella Meyer

Series: Rochester Studies in Medical History (Book 41)

Hardcover: 288 pages

Publisher: University of Rochester Press (June 20, 2017)

Language: English

ISBN-13: 978-1580465786

Reasoning Against Madness: Psychiatry and the State in Rio de Janeiro, 1830-1944 examines the emergence of Brazilian psychiatry, looking at how its practitioners fashioned themselves as the key architects in the project of national regeneration. The book's narrative involves a cast of varied characters in an unstable context: psychiatrists, Catholic representatives, spiritist leaders, state officials, and the mentally ill, all caught in the shifting landscape of modern state formation.

Manuella Meyer investigates the key junctures at which psychiatrists sought to establish their authority and the ways in which their adversaries challenged this authority. These moments serve as productive points from which to explore the moral and political economies of mental health, demonstrating how socio-political negotiations shape psychiatric professionalization. Meyer argues that the gradual adoption of punitive configurations of insanity helped sanction socioeconomic and political inequalities during a time of rapid socioeconomic, political, and cultural transformation.

Les clubs jungiens en Europe

Les clubs jungiens en Europe. Histoire de la réception « par le bas » de l’œuvre de Jung et de la constitution du premier réseau européen de patients en psychothérapie (1913-1944)

Contrat post-doctoral à l’Université du Mans : appel à candidatures

Sous la direction de Nathalie Richard (CERHO) et Brigitte Ouvry-Vial (3L.AM)

Post-doctorat financé par les départements ACCP (Arts, Culture, Création, Patrimoine) et CEI (Cognition, Éducation, Interactions) de l’Université Bretagne Loire et par l’Université du Mans.

Environnement

La recherche postdoctorale s’inscrira dans les activités du laboratoire CERHIO (histoire), en collaboration avec celles du 3LAM (langues, littérature, linguistique). Les deux équipes sont partie prenante de l’Institut des sciences humaines et sociales du Mans, qui rassemble 9 laboratoires et 160 chercheurs permanents, et qui couvre une large part du champ des sciences humaines et sociales. Les collaborations entre le CERHIO et le 3LAM sont nombreuses et s’inscrivent notamment dans des programmes régionaux et internationaux tels qu’ENJEU(X) (Enfance et Jeunesse), ANR Reading in Europe, AMICAE°, etc. Les laboratoires de SHS du Mans encouragent les chercheurs à faire usage des Humanités numériques et à innover dans ce champ.

Résumé de la mission scientifique

Le projet porte sur la constitution d’un réseau européen de disciples « profanes » du psychiatre suisse Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1961). Il s’agira, à l’aide des archives, d’étudier la création, les activités et les interrelations des « clubs jungiens » en Europe dans l’entre deux guerres : premier club dédié à l’étude de la psychanalyse réformée de Jung à Zurich, à l’initiative de quelques analysants ; club de Londres en 1922, puis quatre ans plus tard club de Paris.

Dans la perspective des recherches menées dans l’axe 2 du Cerhio, il s’agira d’apporter une contribution originale à l’histoire « par le bas » des savoirs sur le psychisme, à l’histoire de la publication, de la circulation et de la réception d’une oeuvre à échelle européenne et mondiale. Une réflexion méthodologique et épistémologique portant sur l’exploitation d’archives massives, à échelle internationale, à l’ère des humanités numériques accompagnera cette recherche.

Date limite de dépôt de candidature : 25 août 2017

Description du processus général de sélection sur le site de l'UBL :

https://u-bretagneloire.fr/dossiers/postdoc/candidatures

Détail de l'offre :

https://u-bretagneloire.fr/sites/default/files/sidebar/2017-07/TranslatedAppelCERHIOJune2017_N%20Richard.pdf